question

Psychology's intellectual parents are the disciplines of

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Philosophy and physiology

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The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is

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Wilhelm Wundt

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The notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of the conscious experience is MOST closely linked with

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Wilhelm Wundt

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According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of

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conscious experience

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Wilhelm Wundt believed the focus of psychology should be

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examining people's awareness of their immediate experience

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While the term psychology has existed since at LEAST the early 1700s, psychology did not come to be considered a science until

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the late 1800s

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The person who established America's first psychological research laboratory and who launched America's first psychology journal was

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G. Stanley Hall

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The first president of the American Psychological Association (APA) was

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G. Stanley Hall

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The would's largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology is the

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American Psychological Association

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Major contributions of G. Stanley Hall

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1)He established the first American psychological journal 2) He established the first research laboratory for psychology in America 3) He was the first president of the American Psychological Association WAS NOT first Ph.D. in psychology in America

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Your professor tells you that she believes that the focus of psychological study should be to break the conscious experience into its basic elements. Which of the following historical schools of thought is your professor's ideas most consistent with?

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Structuralism

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The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images was

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Structuralism

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Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Isabel is using a technique similar to the research methodology of

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Structualism

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In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience, William looked at an abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. This technique is called

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Introspection

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Wundt and Titchener believed psychology should

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Analyze conscious experience into its basic elements

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Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Dr. Asgaard's views are most consistent with those of

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Edward Titchener

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If you take a sip of a soft drink and concentrate on what you are experiencing (cold, bubbly, sweet, ect.) you would be utilizing the technique of

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introspection

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The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was

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functionalism

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Dr. Lee is studying pain perception using a functionalist perspective. It is MOST likely that Dr. Lee would suggest that we can only understand the conscious experience of pain

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if we first understand the role of pain in human survival and adaptation

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William James, who was a pioneer in the development of functionalism, was MOST heavily influenced by

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Charles Darwin

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Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is necessary to understand the purpose that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components that combine to produce taste sensations. Dr. Smythe's views are most consistent with

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the functionalist approach to psychology

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The first woman to serve as president of the American Psychological Association was

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Mary Calkins

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Dr. Rice believes that it is not possible to fully understand emotions unless we understand the purpose that the conscious experiences associated with emotions play in survival and adaptation. Dr. Rice's views are MOST consistent with those of

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WIlliam James

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Which of the following was LEAST likely to be the focus of study for the functionalists?

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sensation and perception

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The term used by William James to describe a continuous flow of thought was

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stream of consciousness

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The early approach in psychology that fostered the development of modern-day applied psychology was

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functionalism

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Although functionalism faded away as a theoretical force in psychology, historians credit it with two important contributions to the discipline that includes the development of

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behaviorism and applied psychology

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Functionalism was founded by

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William James

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The _____ believed that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose.

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functionalists

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The concept of "stream consciousness" is associated with

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William James

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The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is MOST consistent with the views of

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Sigmund Freud

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Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called

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psychoanalysis

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You are interviewing a new member of the psychology department for the university newspaper. The faculty member states, "Many times people are unaware of the unconscious motivations that drive their actions." The faculty member's views are MOST similar with those of

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Sigmund Freud

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Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by

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Personal conflicts that exist at an unconscious level

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The major departure of Freud's position from prevailing viewpoints around the early 1900s was that he

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saw people as not fully aware of the forces that control their behavior

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Which of the following statements about Freud's psychoanalytic theory is MOST accurate?

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Many psychoanalytic concepts have filtered into mainstream psychology

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Psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disturbances by

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focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior

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Which of the following did NOT have a significant influenced on the development of Freud's theory?

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the results of his experimental research

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The psychologist who proposed that the study of conscious should be replaced with the study of behavior was

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John B. Watson

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The theoretical orientation that insisted on verifiablitity of observation was

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behaviorism

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The school of psychology that suggests that psychologists should only study what can be objectively observed

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behaviorism

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With which of the statements would a behaviorist agree?

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Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others

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John B. Watson argued that psychologists should

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abandon the study of consciousness

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According to John Watson, behavior is governed primarily by

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the environment

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Strict behaviorist would be MOST sympathetic to which of the statements?

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Human behavior is primarily caused by environmental factors

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Alison believes that individuals learn to be either aggressive or non-aggressive as a result of the experiences they have. Alison's views are most consistent with the

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behaviorist view of psychology

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The school of psychology that was MOST responsible for the rise of animal research in psychology

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behaviorism

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Christine is a psychologist who conducts research on the effects of reward on maze learning in rats. Christine would most likely be considered a

answer

behaviorist

question

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the main advantage of conducting psychological research with animals?

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A researcher can exert more control over an animal than a human subjects.

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Watson described psychology as

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the study of behavior

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The fact that behaviors can be observed and thoughts and feelings cannot is the basis of

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behaviorism

question

Which psychological approach is often referred to as stimulus-response (S-R) psychology?

answer

behaviorism

question

If Dr. Maple is a behaviorist he would MOST likely believe that the cause of a child's disruptive behavior in school is the result of

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his prior experiences

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A group of psychologists are conducting conducting research to determine whether people ear more when they are in the presence of environmental stimuli that increase anxiety, such as loud noises or flashlights. These scientists MOST likely follow

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the behavioral perspective

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Marissa wants to study people's emotional reactions to increases in temperature. Her classmate, Bernard, tells her that she should focus on observable behaviors, rather than internal states in her study. Bernard's views are MOST similar to those found in

answer

the behavioral perspective

question

The notion that all behavior is fully governed by external stimuli is MOST consistent with

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behaviorism

question

You are interviewing a new member of the psychology department for the university newspaper. The faculty member states, "Internal states undoubtedly exist, but it is not necessary to draw inferences about unobservable states in order to understand behavior." This faculty member's view are most similar to views held by

answer

B. F. Skinner

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The psychologist who took the position that organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and tend not to repeat responses that lead to neutral or negative outcomes was

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B. F. Skinner

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With which of the following individual is B.F. Skinner MOST in agreement with on the issue of internal mental events?

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John Watson

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Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behavior with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principal of

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behaviorism

question

Which of the following psychologist would have been MOST likely to assert that "free will is an illusion"?

answer

B. F. Skinner

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In the 1950s Skinner argued that psychology should return to a strict interpretation of the principles of

answer

behaviorism

question

It should be easiest to teach a child to pick up his toys by utilizing the principles and techniques developed by

answer

B. F. Skinner

question

Skinner would agree with the statements

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1) All behavior is governed by external consequences 2) Organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes 3) Organisms tend to not repeat responses that lease to neutral or negative outcomes NOT individuals have free will

question

Which of the following groups of psychologists would be MOST likely to focus on individual uniqueness, freedom, and potential for growth as a person

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humanists

question

The school of psychology that takes the most positive view of human nature is

answer

humanism

question

Which type of psychologist would be LEAST likely to generalize from studies of animal subjects to human behavior?

answer

a humanist

question

Oliver is studying motivation in chimpanzees. His roommate doesn't think that Oliver's research will produce must useful information about human motivation because he believes that information from animal studies will not provide meaningful information about human experiences. Oliver's roommate apparently has a

answer

humanistic perspective

question

Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a humanist?

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The behavior of humans tends to be dictated by environmental circumstances

question

The theoretical viewpoint that is MOST closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

answer

humanism

question

Humanists believe that people's behavior is governed by

answer

their self-concepts

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Manny tends to be very passive and allows people to take advantage of him. What would a humanist be MOST likely to say about Manny?

answer

Manny can become more assertive once he begins to feel better about himself and recognizes that he has the ability to fulfill his potential

question

Which of the following psychologists would be MOST likely to stress that each person has a drive to grow and fulfill his or her potential?

answer

Abraham Maslow

question

Imagine that the editor of your local newspaper writes a column supporting a reduction in government intervention with a transfer of more rights to individual citizens. The editor bases this argument on the assumption that people are ration beings who will fulfill their maximum potential as long as others do no infringe on their basic human need. This editor's views reflect those of

answer

The humanistic perspective

question

A psychologist who primary goal is to help people reach their potential MOST likely follows the principles of

answer

humanism

question

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems is called

answer

Applied psychology

question

Margaret is an industrial psychologist who advises companies on how to improve worker morale. As a psychologist who attempts to solve practical problems, Margaret would MOST likely be considered

answer

An applied psychologist

question

The area of applied psychology MOST stimulated by World War II was

answer

clinical psychology

question

A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in

answer

figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety

question

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is

answer

clinical psychology

question

Michael is having problems relating to other people because he is exhibiting delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations. Michael would MOST likely seek help from

answer

a clinical psychologist

question

During World War II, many academic psychologists were pressed into service, mainly as

answer

clinicians

question

One of the first areas of applied psychology to develop was

answer

mental testing

question

Which of the following contributed MOST to the development of applied psychology?

answer

the high demand for mental testing of military recruits

question

Which of the following organizations was established in 1988 to serve exclusively as an advocate for the science of psychology?

answer

American Psychological Society

question

The major event that influenced the development of psychology as a profession was

answer

World War II

question

The major organization the represents BOTH the scientific and professional branches of psychology in the United States is the

answer

American Psychological Association

question

After World War II, many psychologists began to specialize in

answer

clinical psychology

question

The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is

answer

cognition

question

Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived the old interest in mental and conscious events?

answer

cognitive psychology

question

The approach that contends psychology must study internal mental events in order to fully understand behavior is

answer

cognitive psychology

question

Which of the following is MOST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

answer

strategies used by college students to solve a particular problem

question

Programmers who were working on a chess-playing super computer asked a psychologist from their university for some help in working out the problem-solving algorithms they would be using. The psychologist who helped with this project was MOST likely

answer

a cognitive psychologist

question

Which of the following psychologists demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the brain could evoke emotional responses such as pleasure and rage in animals?

answer

James Olds

question

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

answer

shaping behavior by reinforcement

question

The results from a recent study suggest that the cognitive perspective surpassed the behavioral perspective in influence sometime around

answer

1970

question

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the MOST help in developing this computer system would be

answer

a cognitive psychologist

question

Annabel wants to investigate differences in the way language is processed by the brain hemisphere in individuals from different cultures. If Annabel could work with a psychologist who has made a significant contribution in this area of research, she would MOST likely chose to work with

answer

Roger Sperry

question

A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the mind or consciousness that existed in psychology when it first became a science in the late 1800s is the

answer

cognitive perspective

question

The cognitive perspective contends that to fully understand human behavior, psychologists need to focus attention on

answer

internal mental events

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