The Enlightenment – Flashcards
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1600's and 1700's
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When did the Enlightenment movement occur?
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They questioned ideas about government.
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What did Enlightenment thinkers question?
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Authority, rights, and responsibility.
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What three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?
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the Enlightenment
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What movement was last to occur in Europe?
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The English monarch clashed with Parliament leaders.
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What sparked the English Civil War in the 1600's?
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The English Civil War caused many people to question the role of government, which sparked the imagination of Enlightenment thinkers.
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How did the English Civil War affect the Enlightenment?
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A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
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What is absolutism?
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Absolutism
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Enlightenment thinkers rejected what concept?
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The Leviathan
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What did Thomas Hobbes write in 1651?
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People are naturally selfish and violent.
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How did Thomas Hobbes characterize people?
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He believed that people had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. He favored the idea of self government.
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What did John Locke believe?
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People are naturally reasonable.
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How did John Locke characterize people?
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Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
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What was one difference between the ideas of Hobbes and Locke?
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A French political philosopher whose major work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory.
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Who was Montesquieu?
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He wanted to create checks and balances.
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One of Montesquieu's key ideas was the creation of what?
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They are ways to make sure no one has too much power.
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What are checks and balances?
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He was an Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Social Contract which said that government is a contract between rulers and the people.
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Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
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Governments create unequal societies.
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What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau think about governments?
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The English Civil War comes to an end.
Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes.
Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws.
Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.
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List the four major events of the Enlightenment movement in order.
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Salons
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In France, where did philosophies discuss Enlightenment ideas?
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There was a rise in support for representative government.
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In the 1700's, what was an effect of the Enlightenment?
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Some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.
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What was a political effect of the Enlightenment?
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The founding documents for the United States.
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Where were many of the ideas of Enlightenment later incorporated?
