The Beginning of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia 1415-1796 – Flashcards
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Moluccas
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Known to the Europeans as the Spice Islands; chief source of the spices that had originally attracted the Portugese to the Indian Ocean
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Prince Henry
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(1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.
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cartographer
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A person who makes maps
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Vasco da Gama
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In 1498, he sailed around African and across the Indian Ocean to India. He set up trading posts along this route, and Portugal became one of the great trading countries of Europe.
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Christopher Columbus
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...1492 - Italian hired by Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella) tried to find west route to Indies but disocvered "New World")
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line of demarcation
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1493 Ferdinand and Isabella appealed to Pope Alexander VI to support their claims to the new world. Pope set a line dividing the non- European world into 2 zones. Spain had trading and exploration rights in any lands west of the line. Portugal had the same rights east of the line.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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September 20, 1520 Portuguese nobleman sailed with 5 ships. He reached the coast of South America. Found a passage that became known as the Strait of Magellan. He renamed the sea the Pacific. His crew wanted to return to Spain the way they had come. He refused saying they should push on to the East Indies. He underestimated the size of the Pacific Ocean. March 1521 he reached the Philippines where he was killed. On September 8, 1522 three years after setting out, the survivors- one ship and 18 sailors- reached Spain.
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circumnavigate
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Sail around the world. Antonio Pigafetta survivor of the expedition said "I believe of a certainty thata no one will ever again make such a voyage.
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Mombasa
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City in southeastern Kenya located on a small coastal island. East African coastal city attacked by the Portuguese. It was hub of
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Malindi
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East African coastal city located in modern day Kenya. It was attacked by the Portuguese.
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plantation
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A large tract of land that produced staple crops such as sugar, coffee, and tobacco; was farmed by slave labor; and was owned by a colonial settler.
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Affonso I
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Became Ruler in 1505 of the Kongo west-central Africa. He wanted to create a modern Christian state by converting Africans to Christians. He also wanted to stop the slave trade, but was unsuccessful
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missionary
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A person of a particular faith that travels in order to recruit new members into the faith represented
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Asante kingdom
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kingdom that emerged in the 1700s in present-day Ghana and was active in the slave trade
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Osei Tutu
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In the late 1600's an able military leader, won control of the trding city of Kumasi. Conquered neighboring people and unified the Asante Kingdom. Under him government officials were chosen by merit rather than by birth.
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monopoly
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exclusive control of a business or industry.
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Oyo empire
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It arose in the 1600's from successive waves of settlement be the Yoruba people of present day Nigeria grew because of slave trade profits. Leaders used wealth of slave trade to build up an army. Army was used to conquer neighboring kingdom of Dahomey.
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Cape Town
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First permanent European settlement in Africa built by the Dutch in 1652. It was built to supply ships sailing to or from the East Indies.
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Boers
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Dutch farmers that settled near Cape Town in the 1600's. Over time they ousted, enslaved and killed the people that lived there.Held a Calvinist belief that they were chosen of God. They looked on Africans as inferiors and did not respect their claims to own land.
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Alfonso de Albuquerque
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This Portuguese-named governor of India (1509-1515) captured Malacca, which was of great importance to Indian Ocean trade. The violent means by which he accomplished this set the blueprint for later Portuguese imperialism.
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Mughal Empire
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Muslim Empire that ruled most of northern India from the mid 1500's to the mid-1700,s;also known as the Mogul or Mongol empire.
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Goa
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a state in western India; formerly a coastal city that was mde the base of Portugal's Indian trade.
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Malacca
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City on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; a center for trade to the southeastern Asian islands; became a major Portuguese trading base.
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outpost
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a distant military station or a remote settlement
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Dutch East India Company
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A company founded in the Netherlands in 1602 to protect and expand its trade in Asia.
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sovereign
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having full independent power.
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Philippines
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A country in southeastern Asia made up of several thousand islands.
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sepoys
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Indian soldier that served in the army set up by the French or English trading companies.
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Macao
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region of southeastern China made up of peninsula and two islands.
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Guangzhou
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Another name for trade city of Canton
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Matteo Ricci
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(1552-1610) Jesuit that wanted to bring Christianity to China, was popular in the Ming court and studied Chinese traditions/language/religion
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Manchus
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Federation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.
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Qing
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(1644-1911 CE) The last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture. Declined because of imperialist policies of Western nations.
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Qianlong
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Emperor of China, son of Kangxi expanded China's bounderies extensively. Would only rule for sixty years so as to not dishonor his grandfather.
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Lord Macartney
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British diplomat; he visited China in 1793 to discuss expanding trade. He was sent away after his goods were found to be inferior and he refused to kowtow to the emperor
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Nagasaki harbor
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Japan allowed one or two Dutch ships each year to trade here so they could be informed about world events
