question

A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative biblical text, is called

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oratorio

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A ________ is a singer with a low range who usually takes comic roles.

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basso buffo

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A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking the strings was the

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clavichord

question

The _______ is a Lutheran congregational hymn tune.

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chorale

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In Italy, music schools were often connected with

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orphanages

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Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ________ performers.

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four

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The main theme of a fugue is called the

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subject

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An _________ is a play, set to music, sung to orchestral accompaniment, with scenery, costumes, and action.

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opera

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The _____________ in an oratorio is especially important and serves either to comment on or to participate in the drama.

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chorus

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A baroque musical composition usually expresses ___________ within the same movement.

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one basic mood

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Bach's personal musical style was drawn from

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all of the above

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Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is unusual in that

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it gives a solo role to the harpsichord

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The large group of players in a concerto grosso is known as the

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tutti

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A typical baroque operatic form was the da capo aria in ABA form in which the singer

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was expected to embellish the returning melody with ornamental tones

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An ___________ is an orchestral composition performed before the curtain rises on a dramatic work.

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overture

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Some indication of the acclaim and respect given Henry Purcell by his fellow Englishmen can be seen from the fact that he is buried in

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Westminster Abbey

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Bach was recognized as the most eminent ___________ of his day.

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organist

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In the baroque period, the ordinary citizen's opportunities for hearing music usually came from the

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church

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Congregational singing of chorales was an important way for people to

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participate directly in the service

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The focus of a Handel oratorio is usually the

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chorus

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A common variation form in the baroque is based on the use of a ground bass, or

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basso ostinato

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Sets of dance-inspired instrumental movements are called

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suites

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An operatic song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment is called

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aria

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A polyphonic composition based on one main theme, a cornerstone of baroque music, is the

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fugue

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During the middle baroque, the church modes gave way to

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major and minor scales

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The main keyboard instruments of the baroque period were the organ and the

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harpsichord

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Vivaldi spent most of his life working at an institution for orphaned and illegitimate girls in

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Venice

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A sung piece, or choral work with or without vocal soloists, usually with orchestral accompaniment, is the

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cantata

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A bass part together with numbers (figures) that specify the chords to be played above it, characteristic of the baroque, is called

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basso continuo

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Very often an independent fugue is introduced by a short piece called a(n)

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prelude

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In the baroque era, dynamics consisted mainly of sudden alterations between loud and soft called

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terraced dynamics

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The early and late baroque periods differed in the composers in early baroque

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favored homophonic texture

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The _________ is the person who beats time, indicates expression, cues in musicians, and controls the balance among instruments and voices.

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conductor

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Instrumental music became as important as vocal music for the first time in the ___________ period.

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late baroque

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The Concerto Grosso is based on the baroque's basic principle of the contrast between

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loud and soft

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A section that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition is called a

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movement

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The text, or book, of a musical dramatic work is called the

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libretto

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One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the

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early baroque

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Castrati

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all of the above

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Affections in baroque usage refers to

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emotional states or moods of music

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__________ refers to a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech.

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recitative

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A collection of compositions that displays all the resources of fugue writing is Johann Sebastian Bach's

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Art of the Fugue

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Handel's oratorios are usually based on

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the Old Testament

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Although Handel wrote a great deal of instrumental music, the core of his huge output consists of English oratorios and Italian

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operas

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The first and last movements of the concerto grosso are often in ________ form.

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ritornello

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The position of the composer during the baroque period was that of

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a high-class servant with few personal rights

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Baroque melodies often are

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elaborate and ornamental

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Presenting the subject of a fugue going from right to left, or beginning with the last and proceeding backward to the first note, is called

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retrograde

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The sonata in the baroque period was a composition in several movements for

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one to eight instruments

question

One of the most important composers of the early baroque, writing his last opera at the age of 75, was

answer

Claudio Monteverdi

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