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Public Policy Process is formulated in the following steps:

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1. Problem recognition/definition: Making assumptions about the problem 2. Setting the agenda 3. Policy formulation: many hands a. deciding whether or not to act b. deciding how much to do - if anything c. choosing a solution to the problem d. deciding who'll deliver the goods & services 4. Policy Implementation/Adoption: passing a law & making regulations for implementation which normally requires a budget decision. 8. Running the program well, if administration is for it, and badly/if at all, if the administration doesn't like it. 9. Evaluating the Policy - continued checks to make sure the policy is working as intended.

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What is a policy

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A policy is a course of action that the government undertakes to solve a problem

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First stage of forming a public policy is

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Recognizing the problem and then define what that problem is.

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There are many different ways to try to identify a problem, for trying to find a solution to the problems and then public policies cannot be made.

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True

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Why do some problems make it on the agenda and some problems don't?

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1) sometimes the public will scream that something needs to get done and then politicians respond. 2) Events - prior to 911 Airport security was lenient. 3) Powerful people and interest groups want them brought up and donate money or something. 4) Just because an important person thinks its important 5) And many more reasons

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What is an agenda? And how do some things get on the agenda and some things don't?

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The list of issues/policies that the lawmakers think we should pay attention to and should be discussed because the public requests it, or is angry about or through an event like 911 to strengthen airport security, or interest groups/powerful people like the president, bring up the issue.

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What is the next step after the problem is put on the agenda?

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policy formulation

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Policy Formulation

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The crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems.

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After policy formulation, what's next

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Policy adoption

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What is policy adoption?

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the formal selection of public policies through legislative, executive, judicial, and bureaucratic means

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After policy is adopted, what happens next?

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Policy Implementation

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Policy Implementation

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the stage of policy making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. It involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program.

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What if a leader doesn't like a policy

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They will not push the issue too much.

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The actions and opinions of the President and his staff can keep a policy for working well?

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True

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Policy Evaluation

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The process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals.

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Who governs in America? (everyone, though some more than others)

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The President and Congress make the rules but who enforces them. Right now, money talks 1) The People/Voters. 2) The Elites - they donate money to candidates 3) Interest Groups - Pro-choice and Pro-Life: play a large role 4) Bureaucrats - Government employees. Great job security and stay around a long time and have a lot of control. They have a lot of control over the budgetary process and have a lot of power.

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Public Opinions make politicians pay attention?

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True

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Social Welfare

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Any type of monies received from the government is considered welfare support. Entitlement programs such as Social Security and programs such as Aid to Dependent Children paid for by the federal government. Money sent to SS is only used for SS - there are managers to insure the health of the SS System.

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Social Security (Social Welfare)

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Every paycheck you pay SSTax - and when you turn 67, depending upon how much money you made, the Government will give you a certain amount of money which goes into a special fund, but there is only a set guaranteed amount.

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401K

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Invested in Stocks and Bonds and though you can make a lot of money, you can also lose your money if you make a bad investment.

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Don't rely on Social Security as your retirement income because

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it's not a lot of money. People should retire privately and with the government

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Disability

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You will be eligible at any age if you are disabled or if your spouse dies

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$106, 000 is the limit for Social Security tax

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If you make $108,000, the remaining 2000, is not taxed.

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When Social Security Administration was created,

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people didn't live as long. So when people retired, they didn't collect very long.

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Social Security invests in

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Government Savings Bonds

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Social Security lent money to the Government and

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there is 2.7 trillion dollars in a trust fund in bonds

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A Bond is

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an IOU.

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Social Security has a problem because

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Contribution to Social Security has slowed down and makes less money, life expectancy has increased (from 62 to 78) and in 1936, you couldn't get anything out until you were 65.

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There is a projection of a long term deficit in Social Security because

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Life expectancy has increase to 78 years and there are decreased revenues

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How can we reform Social Security

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1) Raise the age limit to 70. 2) Decrease how much money a person gets. 3) Raise payroll taxes. 4)Privatization.

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Privatization of Social Security

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is risky because it could turn into a bad investment.

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Medicare facts

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Retired. $528B (2010) Paid by Federal Government

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Medicare comes from

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2.9% Payroll Tax

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Medicaid facts

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Poor. Split between Federal/State governments

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Medicaid comes from

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general revenue

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GDP

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Gross Domestic Product. All of the goods and services made in America within a year.

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There is not a special tax for Medicare?

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False

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Is there a dedicated tax for Medicaid?

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No -

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Some states have better Medicaid than others

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True. Texas does not have a good medicaid program

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2007 Health Care costs were

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16% of the GDP. 25% in 2015

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If we spend all our money on healthcare

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we can't spend money on other things and everyone would starve

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Why do Health Care Costs rise so fast?

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If you are poor need health care in the US it will be paid for, so the hospital loses money and health care costs go up for everyone else.

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We are victims of our own success

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because we are living longer

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Eventually the programs are going to run out of money

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true

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How can we reform healthcare industry?

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The government completely controls the healthcare and it would be free - paid by taxes.

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Healthcare Reform ideas?

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1) Universal Healthcare 2) Government Healthcare 3) Mandatory Healthcare 4) Increased Insurance company compensation 5) Lawsuit reform

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Lawsuit reform

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Doctors prescribe unnecessary tests because they don't want to be sued.

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Unemployment Insurance

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If you loose your job, the Government will give you a check because the company is cutting back. You must be a full time, non temporary worker. The check is scaled based on 36% of your base pay.

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How is Unemployment Insurance funded

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Payroll taxes

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Food stamps

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only real food - no beer or cigarettes. If you are poor and single you may have a difficult time getting food stamps. Unless attending school, have a job or are looking for a job. Cash, cars, and stocks & bonds count against your eligibility

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Who receives food stamps:

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1/2 recipients are children 10% is age 60 and up 33% Single Parent Households 33% African American 68% White and Hispanics

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Ave. monthly income for 2 person household is

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$673.00 month

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Ave. monthly benefits

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$283.00 month

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That Social Welfare Fraud is rampant

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is a misconception and is not true.

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The Government Accountability Office (GAO) says there is only

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4.3% of ineligible people getting food stamps.

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Trafficking of food stamps has fallen to less than

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1 cent per dollar

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Social Welfare is a recent phenomenon

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1930's - most directly influenced by communism.

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Foundation of Social Welfare is

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Communism, the New Deal, Social Democracy, and the 1960's/Johnson

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Karl Marx

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created communism because workers worked in horrible conditions for almost no pay to make the business owners rich and workers would be fired at any time.

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Communism

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the government would own all business for society and the government is responsible for the people.

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If people weren't greedy, would people be better off.

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Yes. If you weren't self interested, everyone would be taking care of everyone else.

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Though Karl Marx saw a world where everyone had the same amount of stuff

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it didn't work because human nature won't allow it. People are self interested and greedy.

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Social Democracy

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A political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system

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Social Democracy

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a political ideology, in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism instead of a sudden violent overthrow of the system. Leaders in Asia, Latin America, and Africa would turn to Marxism, which social democracy was based off of

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Marxism

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the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded

Texas Government Social Policy

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