Test 2 – Chemistry Test Questions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Polyatomic Anions Hydroxide |
answer
| OH? |
question
| Polyatomic Anions Carbonte |
answer
| CO2 ?3 |
question
| Polyatomic Anions Nitrate |
answer
| NO ?3 |
question
| Polyatomic Anions Sulfate |
answer
| SO2 ?4 |
question
| Polyatomic Anions Phosphate |
answer
| PO3 ?4 |
question
| Ferric Ion |
answer
| Fe +3 |
question
| Ferrous ion |
answer
| Fe +2 |
question
| Cupric Ion |
answer
| Cu +2 |
question
| Cuprous Ion |
answer
| Cu +1 |
question
| Stannic ion |
answer
| Sn +4 |
question
| Stannous ion |
answer
| Sn +2 |
question
| What is the most abundant mineral in your body? |
answer
| Calcium |
question
| Metals usually occur as positively charged ions called cations. |
answer
| True |
question
| Nonmetal atoms usually occur as negatively charged ions called anions. |
answer
| True |
question
| What are the most important cations in your body? |
answer
| Sodium Potassium |
question
| The addition of salt to water _____ the water's freezing point. |
answer
| Lowers |
question
| Define: Salt |
answer
| ionic compounds in which the anion is neither oxide nor hydroxide |
question
| What corner of the periodic table has the strongest electromagnetivity? |
answer
| Top right corner |
question
| Most but not all salts dissolve in water to form ions |
answer
| True |
question
| Define: Electrolytes |
answer
| salts which dissolve in water to form ions are called electrolytes |
question
| Give an example of an electrolyte |
answer
| NaCl LiNO3 Ca(NO3(2 |
question
| Is sugar an electrolyte? |
answer
| No |
question
| Placing an electrolyte in water ____ the freezing point of water but it ____ raises the boiling point of water |
answer
| lowers raises |
question
| Why is calcium important in the body? |
answer
| It is prominent in bones and teeth blood clotting muscle contraction transmission of nerve impulses |
question
| Selected Anions iodide |
answer
| I- |
question
| Selected anions fluoride |
answer
| F- |
question
| Selected anions nitrate |
answer
| NO3 - |
question
| Selected anions phosphate |
answer
| PO4 -3 |
question
| About how many known compounds are there? How many of those are organic compounds? |
answer
| 15 million 12 million |
question
| Define: organic compound |
answer
| the main element is carbon (lots of H, too) |
question
| Define: catenator |
answer
| the ability of the atoms of an element to form bonds with themselves |
question
| Carbon is the best catenator on the periodic table |
answer
| True |
question
| Does C form strong covalent bonds? |
answer
| Yes |
question
| Identify the subfamilies of hydrocarbons |
answer
| Alkanes Cycloalkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics |
question
| What is the general formula for aklanes? |
answer
| C m H 2m+2 |
question
| What bonds will you find in alkanes? |
answer
| c-to-c single bonds or c-to-h single bonds |
question
| Methane |
answer
| CH4 |
question
| Ethane |
answer
| C2H6 |
question
| Propane |
answer
| C3H8 |
question
| Butane |
answer
| C4H10 |
question
| Pentane |
answer
| C5H12 |
question
| Hexane |
answer
| C6H14 |
question
| Heptane |
answer
| C7H16 |
question
| Octane |
answer
| C8H18 |
question
| Nonane |
answer
| C9H20 |
question
| Decane |
answer
| C10H22 |
question
| List the first ten unbranched chain alkanes |
answer
| Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane Decane |
question
| What is the main component of natural gas? |
answer
| methane |
question
| What is propane used for? |
answer
| heating fuel, gas grills, gas fireplaces |
question
| What is butane used for? |
answer
| Bic lighters |
question
| Solid unbranched alkanes are... |
answer
| waxy, water-repellent compounds which are naturally found on plant surfaces, like leaves, and prevent water loss |
question
| In line-angle formulas, the ends of line segments, and the intersection of two line segments, represent carbon atoms. |
answer
| True |
question
| Define: structural isomers |
answer
| they have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas |
question
| CFC's are the products of alkane halogenation reactions. |
answer
| True |
question
| Define: cycloalkanes |
answer
| hydrocarbons with the general formula CmH2m in which some or all of the carbon atoms form rings |
question
| Define: alkenes |
answer
| Hydrocarbons which contain one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds. Alkenes with only one double bond have the general formula CmH2m. |
question
| Simplest alkene is C2H4 (ethene; ethylene) |
answer
| it is the most important organic chemical compound |
question
| Define: Alkyne |
answer
| Hydrocarbons which contain at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. Alkynes having only one triple bond have the general formula CmH2m-2 |
question
| Alkynes are unsaturated |
answer
| true |
question
| Define: aromatics |
answer
| Hydrocarbons that have alternating double and single bonds. |
question
| What is the most common aromatic? |
answer
| Benzene |
question
| What are the fossil fuels? (3) |
answer
| Coal Petroleum (Crude Oil) Natural Gas |
question
| Identify the formula for coal: |
answer
| C135H96O9NS |
question
| Grades of coal from lowest carbon to highest carbon: |
answer
| peat lignite (brown coal) bituminous coal (soft coal) anthracite |
question
| The ____ the carbon content, the more energy released when the coal is burned. |
answer
| Higher |
question
| Major sources of coal (countries): |
answer
| North America, Russia, Middle East |
question
| Define: petroleum |
answer
| A complex liquid mixture containing mostly hydrocarbons. |
question
| Define: fractional distillation |
answer
| Because it is a liquid mixture, various "fractions" of petroleum can be separated from each other based on boiling point. Distillation is the process by which the components of a liquid mixture are separated from each other based on differing boiling points. As the mixture is heated, the low-boiling components turn to gas first, then the medium-boiling components, then the high-boiling components. |
question
| Define: cracking |
answer
| Cracking is a chemical process by which molecules with longer carbon chains are broken into smaller ones suitable for gasoline. |
question
| Premature ignition and knocking |
answer
| Unbranched alkanes and cycloalkanes tend to ignite prematurely and just from compression - they don't wait for a spark. Leads to poor fuel efficiency. |
question
| Which has better combustion properties? |
answer
| Branched-chain alkanes |
question
| Define: reforming |
answer
| Converting unbranched chain hydrocarbons to branched-chain hydrocarbons. |
question
| Define: octane number |
answer
| a measure of the ability of a gasoline to generate power without engine knocking |
question
| Define: allotropes |
answer
| Different forms of the same element in the same physical state. |
question
| Define: phase diagram |
answer
| A phase diagram is a graph which shows the stable forms of a substance at various combinations of temperature and pressure. Pressure is plotted on the y-axis and temperature is on the x-axis. |
question
| Define: nanotechnology |
answer
| The development of tiny, molecular machines |
question
| Define: polymers |
answer
| substances with the same (or similar) structural units repeating again and again, long chains being formed; the structural units are called monomers |
question
| Examples of natural polymers: |
answer
| DNA Proteins Chitin Wool Silk Chewing gum Rubber |
question
| Define: proteins |
answer
| polymers consisting of small compounds called amino acids joined together in long chains |
question
| Define: copolymer |
answer
| A polymer consisting of two or more different monomers |
question
| Define: condensation polymer |
answer
| A polymer in which the monomers are joined together via removal of a small molecule |
question
| Polycarbonates are an important type of condensation copolymer. What are they like and what are they used for? |
answer
| These are tough, clear-as-glass, polymers used in bullet-proof windows, lab safety glasses, and baby bottles. |
question
| Define: addition polymers |
answer
| Polymers formed by many monomers adding together - without the loss of any atoms - to form a long chain. |
question
| A very important addition polymer is polyethylene. |
answer
| Two hydrocarbons with a double bond; 4 hydrogens It is used in food wrap, artificial knees, and bullet-proof vests |
question
| Another addition polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC.) |
answer
| 2 Carbons double bonded together, 3 H, 1 Cl PVC has many uses; plasticizers are added to PVC to make it flexible |
question
| Polystyrene is a very important addition polymer |
answer
| Used in CD cases, plastic utensils, plastic razors, Styrofoam, cups, etc |
question
| Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an important addition polymer |
answer
| 2 Carbons double bonded together with 4 F molecules PTFE is highly chemical resistant and water repelling. It ahs a very low coefficient of friction. Used as teflon and on bullets. |
question
| Polyisoprene is natural rubber. |
answer
| It stretches but it doesn't snap back to the natural position. That means it needs to be vulcanized. |
question
| Define: PAH |
answer
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Naphthalene is a PAH. They enter the environment from a number of combustion sources. |
question
| VSEPR Type AX4 |
answer
| Tetrahedral |
question
| VSEPR Type AX3E |
answer
| Trigonal pyramidal |
question
| VSEPR Type AX2E2 |
answer
| Bent |
question
| VSEPR Type AX3 |
answer
| Trigonal planar |
