Test 1 Intro to Sports Management – Flashcards
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birth of sport management
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England
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original reasons why sports teams formed (3)?
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Politically Economically Power (had the leisure time)
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Two diverse populations of Thoroughbred racing
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Rich (owners) Poor (entertainment)
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2 factors that led to a systematic management
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Desire of owners to breed and train fast horses Increase complexity gambling (rich and poor), created sense of pride
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The jockey club is an example of what modern function
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Leagues (establish rules, break disputes, etc)
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founder of the modern olympic games
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Pierre De Coubertin
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The games were seen as a symbol of....
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peace
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where were the first olympic games held
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Athens
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commitment to serve broad membership and manage elite sport enterprise
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present day club structure
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changes to the club structure
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local and international emphasis $ and entertainment
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why was harness racing important
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Everyone drove a buggy
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how was the prized money paid by
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admission
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first pro team in baseball
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Cincinnati Reds
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importance of breakeven financial interests of individual than league
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allegiance to personal finances was more important than league
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who took over the management of the national league of professional baseball players
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William Hulbert
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Hubert believed stability would be achieved by
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run teams like business teams against each other & no colluding strict rules were enforced creating honest competition
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hubert emphasized _____ to the league
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allegiance *also believed in taking a financial risk
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5 keys to success
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1. excitement of race 2. favorable media attention 3. appealed to fans loyalty and pride in their cities 4. early form of revenue sharing (home team share w/ visiting) 5. distributive talent (draft)
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had a debilitating disease and won the court to be able to ride in the cart
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Casey Martin
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She was granted membership in the PGA tour
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Augusta Martin
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a set of games organized by a group known as
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The 16 women
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first two men to start the idea of sports management
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Water O'Malley and James Mason
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This man started the first Masters program at Ohio University
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James Mason
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Goal of Sports manager
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Get people working for us to get work done in the most efficient way
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Two phases of management theory
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scientific management human relations movement
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Frederick Taylor said the foundation of sports management was the following
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there is one best way to do it and we have decided it is the most efficient way
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how did taylor say a manager could influence his workers
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economic rewards
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study that said the social factors were the most important and they performed better bc someone was watching them
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Hawthorne study
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An inspiring female in the 1920's who said not to just focus on the task but on the human behavior and to create a partnership w/ management and employees
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Mary Parker Follet
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POLE
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Plan Organize Leading Evaluating
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define goals and then decide the most appropriate ways to achieve them
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Plan
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an organized plan should be
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flexible
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Action part, direct activities and delegating responsibilities
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Leading
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measuring/ensuring progress toward organizational objectives
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evaluation
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How to monitor progress
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establish reporting system develop standards and compare employees performance to them
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interaction w/ clientele involves
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people skills
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knowing how to say something is just as important as....
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knowing what to say
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who are underrepresented in managerial positions in the sport industry
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women and minorities
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use of technology
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stubs surveys see if season ticket holders are in their seats
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this enables you to learn about different aspect of sport organization you are working with
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initiative
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create an ongoing demand for a product
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sport marketing
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one of the biggest challenged for sports marketing
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understanding what the consumers wants
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Marketing includes
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Products Services Entities (Team, league)
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sports broadcasting was originally
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factual reports
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Now sports broadcasting for
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loyal fans casual viewer
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who created monday night football
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Roone Arledge
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acquisition of the rights to affiliate or directly associate w/ a product or event for the purpose of deriving benefits related to affiliation
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sponsorship
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Created sporting goods company and first to use the term "official"
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Albert G. Spalding
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Who built IMG and the golfer Arnold Palmer
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Mark McCormack
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First partnership of its kind between nike and
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Jordan
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The man who said you must provide reasons other than the game for people to attend and support the franchise
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Bill Veek
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Veek's 3 beliefs
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Create the greatest joy for the largest number of people Ensure pleasurable attending performance Create Conversation
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who is credited for formalizing customer research in the sport industry
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Matt Levine
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Techniques used by Levine
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audience intercepts (one on one site interview) focus groups Pass by interview
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The 4 P's
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Product Price Place Promotion
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looking at the total market groups and then the subgroups to better understand them
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segmentation
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emotional involvement with sports team organization
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fan identification
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They =
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disconnect
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We=
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engaged and identifying with them
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BIRG
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basking in reflected glory
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CORF
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cutting off reflected failure
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most loyal fans
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NASCAR
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best plan for retention
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ensure fans become the "Raving Fans"
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creating database includes consumer names addresses and other demographic information
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database marketing
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finance in an organization involves these two
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How an organization generates funds that flow into the organization How funds are allocated and spent once they are in an organization
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financial inflows
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revenues
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financial outflows
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expenses
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two ways teams are financed
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owners equity debt
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expected value to return on each alternative investment
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return on investment
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snapshot financial statement at a certain time
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balance sheet
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example of a non spectator sport industry
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DICKS
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sports leagues are considered _____ since there is no competitors
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monopolies
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monopolies allows them to
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have better bargaining power aka price higher
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PSL
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personal seat licensed (making so much now even have to have a license)
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example of capital investments being made to increase the revenues of the sports teams
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stadiums
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college athletics are as a whole...
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non profitable
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entertainment value connected to uncertainty of outcome
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competitive balance
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two types of caps
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Hard soft
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you can't exceed the amount
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hard cap ex NFL
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there are exceptions for going over
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soft cap ex NBA
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you have to play this when you exceed your hard cap
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luxury tax
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reasons for legal growth in sports (3)
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Legal profession is more specialized Amount of litigation and diversity cases have increased Associations have rules and procedures based on US Legal system
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Risk management involves two things
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Prevention Intervention
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an injury or wrong suffered as the result of another improper conduct
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Tort
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Tort law provides
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monetory damages to compensate for an injured person
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Act or fail to act causes injury to a person to whom owe duty of care
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Negligence
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Found negligent when (3)
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Injury Duty of care (comes from relationship b/w plaintiff and defendant) Act or failure to act (causes injury)
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allows plaintiff to sue the superior for negligent acts of subordinate
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vicarious liability
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employer does not need to be _____ to be liable
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negligent
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Employee wasn't negligent Employee wasn't acting w/in scope employment Independent carrier aka not part of the company
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Three defenses available
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describes a relationship in which one party, the agent, agrees to act for and under the direction of another, the principal
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Agency
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To comply w/ a contract if one exists To compensate the agent for his or her service To reimburse the agent for any expenses incurred while acting on the principals behalf
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fiduciary duties inherent in principal- agent relationship
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Agents fiduciary duties
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To obey To remain loyal To exercise reasonable care To notify To account
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written or oral agreement b/w two or more parties, creates legal obligation to fulfill the promises
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contract
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Offer and Acceptance Consideration (something of value) Capacity (of age, mental) Legality
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A valid contract must have
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in athletics cases focus on 3 areas
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Scholarship distribution Equal treatment, benefits, opportunities given to specific program areas Degree to which educational institution has equally and effectively accommodated the interests and abilities of male/female students
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Prohibits employer from paying one employee less than another on basis of sex when performing jobs of equal skill, effort and responsibility
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Equal Pay Act
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Equal pay act only applies to
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sex paid discrimination
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4 defenses available when display caused by
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Seniority system Merit system being followed in good faith System measuring pay on basis of quantity/ Quality production Factor other than sex
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Prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of disability
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Americans with Disabilities Act
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Americans with disabilities act only applies
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if the applicant or employee is able to perform all Essential functions of the job
