Question 1

Therapy groups may either be ____, allowing individual members to enter or leave at any time, or _____, requiring members to enter and finish therapy together.

Accepted Answer

open-enrollment; closed-enrollment

Question 2

According to Irvin Yalom, group therapy is most successful when group therapists

Accepted Answer

take advantage of the fact that clients will display their problematic interpersonal tendencies toward other members of the group.

Question 3

According to psychodynamic psychotherapists, fixation at the oral stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life, fixation at the anal stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life, and fixation at the phallic stage can result in problems related to _____ later in life.

Accepted Answer

dependency; control; self-worth

Question 4

The tripartite model, created by Hans Strupp and colleagues, essentially suggests that

Accepted Answer

multiple parties may have meaningful and potentially inconsistent views of psychotherapy outcome.

Question 5

Ron is a psychotherapy client who senses that certain unconscious material will soon be exposed. This makes him anxious, so he abruptly changes the subject and then misses his next appointment. Ron\'s psychodynamic psychotherapist is likely to understand Ron\'s actions as _____.

Accepted Answer

resistance

Question 6

According to the behavioral approach, _____ essentially means \"getting something good,\" and _____ essentially means \"losing something good.\"

Accepted Answer

positive reinforcement; negative punishment

Question 7

In group therapy, a client\'s experience that \"we\'re all in the same boat\" best describes the therapeutic factor labeled by Irvin Yalom as _____.

Accepted Answer

universality

Question 8

After a psychodynamic therapist makes an interpretation to a client, it can take many sessions for the client to incorporate that interpretation into his or her thinking and behavior. That post-interpretation period is often called _____.

Accepted Answer

the working-through process

Question 9

Although psychological symptoms may appear maladaptive, they are often in fact adaptive within the family environment of the individual. Family therapists refer to this idea as _____.

Accepted Answer

functionalism

Question 10

Sometimes, clients will argue in favor of continuing with the problem behavior rather than stopping or replacing it. According to the motivational interview approach to therapy, this client behavior is labeled _____.

Accepted Answer

sustain talk

Question 11

The \"dodo bird verdict\" refers to the finding that

Accepted Answer

various forms of psychotherapy are about equally beneficial

Question 12

Regarding the causes of psychological problems, _____ therapists tend to endorse a linear model of causality, whereas _____ therapists tend to endorse a circular model of causality.

Accepted Answer

individual; family

Question 13

The primary finding of Hans Eysenck\'s 1952 review of psychotherapy outcome studies was that

Accepted Answer

psychotherapy was of little benefit, since most clients got better without it.

Question 14

Juan has formed a psychotherapy relationship with his clinical psychologist in which Juan unconsciously and unrealistically expects the psychologist to behave like Juan\'s mother. Juan\'s situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

transference

Question 15

A(n) _____ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new, hybrid form of therapy.

Accepted Answer

integrative

Question 16

The idea that the way we think about events determines the way we respond to them is a cornerstone of _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 17

Reaction formation is a defense mechanism characterized by

Accepted Answer

doing the opposite of the unconscious wish.

Question 18

According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960, the most commonly endorsed psychotherapy orientation

Accepted Answer

was the eclectic/integrative orientation until 2010, when the cognitive orientation was most commonly endorsed.

Question 19

Edward Lee Thorndike\'s law of effect provides the theoretical basis for _____.

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning

Question 20

Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the results of the thousands of psychotherapy efficacy studies that have been conducted?

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy works.

Question 21

In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), a patient in the _____ stage is aware that a problem exists, considering doing something to address it, but is not ready to commit to any real effort in that direction.

Accepted Answer

contemplation

Question 22

According to Ellis\' ABCDE model, \"D\" represents

Accepted Answer

a dispute of the client\'s irrational thoughts.

Question 23

In group therapy, the term social microcosm refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

the relationship tendencies that characterize clients\' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members.

Question 24

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the therapist presents the patient with a word, and the patient is to respond with the first word that comes to mind.

Accepted Answer

word association

Question 25

When treating child patients,

Accepted Answer

All of these answers are correct

Question 26

Which of the following places the steps of the scientific method in correct order?

Accepted Answer

observe a phenomenon, develop hypotheses, test the hypotheses, observe the outcome of the tests, revise the hypotheses

Question 27

Empirical studies of cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

All of these answers are correct

Question 28

Clinical child psychologists who conduct _____ believe that a child\'s play communicates important processes occurring within the child\'s mind of which the child may be unaware.

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic play therapy

Question 29

An individual\'s _____ is how the person actually is at present; the _____ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential.

Accepted Answer

real self; ideal self

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the three-step process typically used by cognitive psychotherapists to revise a client\'s cognitions?

Accepted Answer

identify illogical thoughts; challenge illogical thoughts; replace illogical thoughts with more logical thoughts

Question 31

According to the humanistic approach, it is important for the therapist to communicate _____ to the client, which is described as the ability to sense the client\'s emotions compassionately and without judgment.

Accepted Answer

empathy

Question 32

_____ is most closely associated with classical conditioning, while _____ is most closely associated with operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov; Skinner

Question 33

Which of the following best defines a defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

an attempt to manage conflict between the id and superego

Question 34

Empirical examinations of humanistic therapy

Accepted Answer

discovered that its main elementsâempathy, positive regard, and genuinenessâplay an important role in therapy success.

Question 35

Self-instructional training is a form of psychotherapy with children that derives from the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 36

An accurate summary of the body of empirical research on the outcome of psychotherapy with children and adolescents would state that generally,

Accepted Answer

psychotherapy with children and adolescents produces significant improvement.

Question 37

When behavioral activation begins, an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is,

Accepted Answer

\"Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?\"

Question 38

Empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness

Accepted Answer

All of these answers are correct

Question 39

_____, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist\'s unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist\'s own personal history.

Accepted Answer

Countertransference

Question 40

Natalie, a psychotherapy client, is depressed about a recent breakup with her romantic partner. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault, and that if she had done things differently, she wouldn\'t be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as _____.

Accepted Answer

personalization

Question 41

Which of the following best describes genuineness as it is understood and applied by humanistic psychotherapists?

Accepted Answer

a therapist\'s true feelings of empathy and prizing toward a client

Question 42

_____ would likely have his patients compete an ABCDE chart, whereas _____ would likely have his patients complete a dysfunctional thought record.

Accepted Answer

Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

Question 43

Although they have been used for a variety of clinical issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of _____.

Accepted Answer

anxiety disorders

Question 44

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is/are primarily based on classical (rather than operant) conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Both of these are correct.

Question 45

The Conners\' Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist are examples of

Accepted Answer

behavior rating scales.

Question 46

_____ can be defined as full engagement with one\'s own internal mental processes in a nonconfrontational way, which often involves a reduction in _____.

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness; experiential avoidance

Question 47

When naturalistic direct observation of a child is not practical, clinical child psychologists often conduct _____ to achieve the same purpose.

Accepted Answer

analogue direct observation

Question 48

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy places the strongest emphasis on empathy provided by the therapist?

Accepted Answer

humanistic

Question 49

Some clinical child psychologists divide children\'s psychological problems into externalizing disorders, such as _____, and internalizing disorders, such as _____.

Accepted Answer

ADHD; depression

Question 50

When providing psychotherapy services to a family,

Accepted Answer

the ground rules for confidentiality should be established with all family members during the initial consultation.

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