Study Guide Lec Exam 2 Answers – Flashcards

• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic (feeds on others, absorbs carbon & nitrogen from the environment)
• Osmotrophic: Digestion outside of their bodies. 
• Body made of hyphae (many but not all)
• Cell walls made of chitin
• Reproduce by spores (asexual or sexual) 

1. Fleshy fungi
2. molds
3. yeasts

• Thallus - Body of a mold or fleshy fungus.
• Hyphae - Long fillaments of cells joined together.
• Hyphae (septate vs. coenocytic)
• Septate = one-nucleus cell like units
• Coenocytic = lack septa(no division w/i cell & many nuclei.
• Mycelium - Hyphae grow to form a filamentous mass.

• Vegetative - portion of hyphae that obtains nutrients, underground.
• Aerial - portion concerned with reproduction, above the ground.

• Sexual spores - result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains.
• Fungi produce sexual spores less frequently.
• Asexual spores - produces by an individual fungus thru mitosis. 
• No fusion of the nuclei of cells.

• Conidiospores - Look like beads on a string.

Conidiophores: Hypha that produce conidiospores.

• Sporangiospores - Sac like clusters.

Sporangiophores: Hypha that produce sprangiospores.

• Osmotrophic (digestion outside of their bodies) mold that have coenocytic hyphae (no septa, continuous cell, many nuclei).
• Name: Rhizopus
• Asexual spore of rhizopus are sporangiospores ( sac like clusters) 

• Molds with septate hyphae (one-nucleus cell like units)
• Asexual spores are Conidia produced in long chains from the conidiophore. 

• Also called club fungi
• Asexual spores are basidiospores formed on a base pedestal called basidium. There are usually for basidiospores per basidium. 

• Produce both sexual and asexual spores.

• Some ascomycetes have lost the ability to reproduce sexually, these asexual fungi are anamorphs.

• Nonfilamentous
• Unicellular fungi
• spherical in shape.

• A disease that is caused by a fungus.

Caused by H. capsulatum; occurs around Mississippi River and Ohio River in U.S., reservoirs include bird and bat feces.

Also called Valley Fever; symtoms resemble tuberculosis; reservoir is soil.

Caused by P. jiroveci; sometimes found in healthy human lungs (the reservoir); indicator for AIDS.

Respiratory disease in immunosuppressed individuals; caused by spores from A. fumigates in decaying vegetation.

Ringworm of the groin (jock itch); caused by dermatophytes such as Epidermophyton.

Fungi that colonize the hair, nails, and the outer layer of the epidermis.

• Toxins produced by fungi.
• Phalloidin and amanitin

Peanutbutter is recalled b/c of excessive amounts of aflatoxin. Produced by the growth of the mold Aspergillus flavus.