Study Guide for Industrial Revolution Test – Flashcards
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What was the Industrial Revolution:
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an increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s
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Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
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Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities, enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners, landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
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What were the three factors of production required for industrialization?
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land, labor, capital
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What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe
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industrialization
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How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
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looked down upon
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What did Britain do to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
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forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
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What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
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not personally responsible for its debts
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What is the laissez-faire policy?
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a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference
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What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
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unions
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Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
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Abolition of slavery, women's rights, public education
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How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?
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It led to population growth, increased food supplies, and caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.
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How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?
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positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
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What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
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It launched the railway age, which brought transportation to a new level.
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How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
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It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
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Which of the following factors most contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country?
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illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
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In what way did the new middle class change British society?
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Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.
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Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
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refuse to interfere in any economic matters
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Which factor played a major role in the industrialization of the United States?
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railroad expansion
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Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s?
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The U.S. Supreme Court created social security for retired workers.
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What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s?
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to abolish slavery and the slave trade
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How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial Revolution?
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Both endured long working hours, suffered job losses due to progress, lived in climates of social restructuring.
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What impact did technological advances have on industry?
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Production of goods was increased.
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What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain?
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It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods.
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Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization?
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cleaner cities
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How did the War of 1812 pave the way for the United States to industrialize?
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The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries.
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How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization of Continental Europe?
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Trade was halted in many parts of Europe. Communications between countries were interrupted. Inflation was on the rise in some areas of Europe, disrupting the economy.
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What was a worldwide impact of industrialization?
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It was the driving force behind imperialism.
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How did the philosophy of laissez-faire influence early industrialists?
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with ideas of a free market governed by natural laws, not government rules
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What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto?
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In the 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin.
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In the 1700s, the process of enclosure tended to increase what?
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farming efficiency.
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The crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increased crop yields:
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by increasing nutrients in the soil.
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All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT that:
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the number of farmers increased.
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The first area to undergo major industrialization was:
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textile production.
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By the late 1700s, the best place to find a water frame and a spinning mule was in:
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a factory.
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An entrepreneur is a type of:
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business person.
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Which of the following did NOT improve as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?
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factory working conditions
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Which of the following did NOT increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?
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the life expectancy of the average worker
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Which of the following did NOT improve as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
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preservation of the environment
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The free-market system of capitalism was defended in the book The Wealth of Nations by:
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Adam Smith.
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Utilitarianism held that government policies should promote:
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the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
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Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should:
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actively plan the economy.
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Karl Marx is most closely associated with:
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communism.
