Study Guide BIO 5.1-5.2 – Flashcards
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What happens in G1?
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a cell carries out its normal functions
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What happens in synthesis (S)?
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the cell makes a copy of its nuclear DNA
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What happens in Mitosis (M)?
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the division of the cell nucleus and its contents
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What happens in Gap 2 (G2)?
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cells continue to carry out their normal functions and additional growth occurs
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How did Gap 1 and Gap 2 get their names?
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They are gaps, periods between synthesis and mitosis
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Where does DNA synthesis happen in eukaryotic cells?
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nucleus
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What two processes make up the M stage?
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Whats the stage where cells who rarely divide enter, basically a permanent G1?
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G0
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Which typically increases faster, volume or surface area?
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volume
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What process divides a cells cytoplasm?
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Cytokinesis
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What process divides the nucleus and its contents?
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Mitosis
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Way to organize DNA, one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information
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chromosome
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Why do chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis?
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It will take less time
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Why are chromosomes not condensed during all stages of the cell cycle?
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They need to be used
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How does interphase prepare a cell to divide?
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It provides time for the duplication of organelles and for DNA replication
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DNA wraps around organizing proteins called ____
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histones
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loose combination of DNA and proteins that resemble spaghetti
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Chromatin
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Sister chromatids are held together at the _____, which looks pinched
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centromere
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The ends of DNA molecules form structures called ____ that help prevent the loss of genes
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telomeres
