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A. Morality

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______, like ethics, is concerned with values guiding behavior. A. Morality B. Loyalty C. Moral principle D. All of these are correct.

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B. Morals

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The fundamental baseline values dictating appropriate behavior within a society are known as ______. A. ethics B. morals C. ethical values D. codes of conduct

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C. Ethical dilemmas

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Few areas of sport management present managers with more difficulty than ______. A. moral issues B. codes of conduct C. ethical dilemmas D. ethics

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C. Rational

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To solve an ethical dilemma, decision makers try to make a(n) ______ argument. A. irrational B. defensive C. rational D. offensive

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A. Ethical decision making

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______ is similar to the regular decision-making process in business situations in that there is a given structure to follow. A. Ethical decision making B. Moral decision making C. Ethical reasoning D. Moral discourse

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D. Codes of conduct

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A recommendation from the ethical decision-making model is to consult an organization's ______. A. ethical reasoning process B. morality codes C. values and social obligations D. codes of conduct

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B. Codes of conducts

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______ are probably the most visible statements of ethical philosophy and beliefs for a company, business, or organization. A. Ethical principles B. Codes of conduct C. Moral principles D. Morality codes

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D. All of these are correct

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Codes of conduct may be considered counterproductive if: A. They are too long or complex to understand easily. B. They try to intimidate employees into acting morally. C. The organization does not demonstrate a commitment to them. D. All of these are correct.

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B. Morals

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______ are the fundamental baseline values dictating appropriate behavior within a society. A. Codes of ethics B. Morals C. Ethics D. Codes of conduct

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B. Moral Principle

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In sport, an example of a(n) ______ is that all athletes give an honest effort whenever they compete. A. ethical principle B. moral principle C. code of conduct D. None of these are correct

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C. Moral Values

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______ are generally accepted so broadly within a community that they are considered self-evident and largely go unquestioned. A. Ethical dilemmas B. Social values C. Moral values D. Social practices

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D. Absolutism; relativism

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Academic discussions of morality often start with a discussion of ______ versus ______. A. society; behavior B. values; moral issues C. morality; corruption D. absolutism; relativism

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B. Absolutism

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______ argues that moral precepts are universal; that is, applicable to all circumstances. A. Relativism B. Absolutism C. Morality D. Behavior

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A. Relativism

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______ argues that what is moral depends on the situation. A. Relativism B. Absolutism C. Morality D. Behavior

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D. All of these are correct

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A moral rule of commercial work is to A. compete. B. be open to inventiveness and novelty. C. be efficient. D. All of these are correct.

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D. Ethics

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_____ is the systematic study of values guiding our decision making. A. Moral interpretation B. Moral absolutism C. Ethical relativism D. Ethics

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D. Be obedient and disciplined

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A moral rule of noncommercial work includes A. be thrifty. B. respect contracts. C. collaborate easily with strangers. D. be obedient and disciplined.

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B. Meaningful and enforceable

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To be effective, discipline must meet which of the following criteria? A. morality and corruption B. meaningful and enforceable C. thrifty and honesty D. None of these are correct.

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B. The extensive ramification of immoral choices.

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One of the biggest distinctions between moral decision making and other ethical decisions is A. incorporating codes of ethics. B. the extensive ramification of immoral choices. C. deciding what is right and wrong. D. None of these are correct.

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All answers

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Choose all that apply. In describing the relationship between laws and morality, it is true to say that ______. A. something may be legal and yet immoral B. something may be illegal and immoral C. some actions may be technically legal, but still violate the overall intention of a law D. something may be distasteful, but neither illegal nor clearly immoral, depending on the situation

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A. True

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An organization's ethical climate establishes the shared set of understandings that determine correct behavior and how ethical issues will be handled. A. True B. False

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b. False

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Codes of conduct are unique to the sport industry in the United States. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Laws and morality are essentially the same. A. True B. False

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C. Before the signing of the constitution

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Youth athletic participation in the United States was first recognized during what time period? A. During and immediately following World War I B. During the mid-nineteenth century C. Before the signing of the Constitution D. In the early 1990s

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B. Lacrosse

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The Native Americans played a game that the French Jesuit priests called: A. football. B. lacrosse. C. baseball. D. soccer.

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B. During the mid-nineteenth century

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Formally organized athletic participation, particularly those programs run under the auspices of secondary educational institutions, emerged during what time period? A. During and immediately following World War I B. During the mid-nineteenth century C. Before the signing of the Constitution D. In the early 1990s

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A. students from several Boston-area public and private schools

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The Interscholastic Football Association was formed in 1888 by A. students from several Boston-area public and private schools. B. athletic directors in the New York City area. C. coaches of football teams across the country. D. parents of students.

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D. Prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American Culture

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The Progressive Movement promoted athletics as a tool to A. prepare high school students for college. B. make money through the selling of tickets to games. C. keep students out of trouble on the streets. D. prepare for the rigors of modern life and democracy and to assimilate immigrants into American culture.

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B. as a source of physical training for the armed forces.

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During and immediately following World War I, schools sports for males were promoted as a tool to A. prepare high school students for college. B. as a source of physical training for the armed forces. C. keep students out of trouble on the streets. D. make money through the selling of tickets to games.

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A. During and immediately following World War I

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Educators took control of athletics from students during which time period? A. During and immediately following World War I B. During the mid-nineteenth century C. Before the signing of the Constitution D. In the early 1950s

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D. Young Men's Christian Association YMCA

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Historically, the most prominent private (or nonschool) agency to promote youth athletics was A. Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). B. Pop Warner Football. C. Catholic Youth Organization (CYO). D. Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).

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A. local and state governing bodies/athletic associations

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The administration of school and youth sports, in particular the final authority in determining athletic eligibility, is primarily performed by A. local and state governing bodies/athletic associations. B. the National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (NIAAA). C. the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS). D. National Youth League Organizations.

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A. State athletic associations

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What association is the final authority in determining athlete eligibility? A. State athletic associations B. National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) C. National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (NIAAA) D. NFHS Officials Association

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C. the organizing body for state championships and competitions

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State athletic associations are A. an advisory body to the NFHS. B. a for-profit organization. C. the organizing body for state championships and competitions. D. found in only 45 states.

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B. Little league baseball

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Which initial national youth league organization was founded in 1939 as a three-team league? A. Pop Warner Football B. Little League Baseball C. American Youth Soccer Organization D. National Federation of State High School Associations

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B. is organized on four levels: local, district, regional, and international.

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The Little League governance structure A. reports to the National Federation of State High School Associations. B. is organized on four levels: local, district, regional, and international. C. involves a paid executive director who ultimately is in charge of running all competitions and events. D. oversees only teams in the United States.

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A. Coach

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Knowledge of injury and physical training, equipment knowledge, and bus-driving skills are highly recommended for this position. A. Coach B. Trainer/physical therapist C. School athletic director D. Officials/judges

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D. all of these are correct

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What concerns do critics have with children participating in highly organized youth athletics? A. Development of "win at all costs" attitude B. Increased pressure to win C. Safety and increased injury rates D. All of these are correct.

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C. Coaches and administrators

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As financial circumstances for schools and leagues become more strained, these job areas are being asked to perform more fund-raising activities at the youth sport level. A. Coaches only B. Administrators only C. Coaches and administrators D. Neither coaches nor administrators, parents pay an athletic fee instead

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D. All of these are correct

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Most sex discrimination challenges in high school athletics have been based on A. state or U.S. Constitution equal protection clauses. B. state equal rights amendments. C. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. D. All of these are correct.

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C. Stating as one of its legal foundations that interscholastic athletic programs must demonstrate equity or substantive and continuous progress toward equity in all facets of boys' and girls' athletics.

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The NFHS endorses the concept of gender equity by A. mandating that all state associations have equal budgets for boys and girls championships. B. mandating that all high schools have equal athletic budgets for boys and girls sport programs. C. stating as one of its legal foundations that interscholastic athletic programs must demonstrate equity or substantive and continuous progress toward equity in all facets of boys' and girls' athletics. D. All of these are correct.

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B. Private youth soccer club

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Which of the following youth programs would not have to be Title IX compliant? A. Public high school athletic department B. Private youth soccer club C. Municipal recreation programs, receiving federal funds D. State university intercollegiate athletic programs

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A. True

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Similar to the collegiate system, high school students initially organized the high school games. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Educators at both the public schools and private schools immediately embraced the value of exercise and play. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Football was a very popular sport among high school students and became the first organized competition between two high school teams. A. True B. False

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B. False

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High school sports were seen as detrimental to student retention and graduation rates. A. True B. False

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B. False

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When Little League Baseball was first founded, both boys and girls were allowed to compete. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Due to liability reasons, all schools and youth leagues must employ full-time coaches. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Coaching certification programs are required in every state, with coaches being allowed to coach only after having been involved in a certification program. A. True B. False

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D. organized and sponsored by a railroad company in order to enhance the company's business

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The first intercollegiate athletic contest was A. a crew race between Harvard and Princeton. B. a football game between Harvard and Yale. C. a baseball game between Amherst and Williams. D. organized and sponsored by a railroad company in order to enhance the company's business.

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B. During the mid- 1800s

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The first intercollegiate athletic contest was held in what time period? A. During the 1700s B. During the mid-1800s C. Right after World War I (early 1900s) D. During the mid-1900s

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A. Organized by students

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The initial collegiate athletic contests were A. organized by students. B. organized by coaches of the teams. C. organized by athletic directors at schools. D. organized by the athletic conferences at the time.

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C. Ivy league cshools

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The "power" schools during the initial collegiate athletic contests were the A. Big Ten schools. B. Big East schools. C. Ivy League schools. D. Division I schools.

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A. Playing and eligibility rules

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The Intercollegiate Football Association was formed to regulate A. playing and eligibility rules. B. gambling activities. C. officials. D. coaches

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A. a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program

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The first intercollegiate athletic coach was: A. a physical therapist hired to introduce a training program B. a doctor hired because of the number of injuries involved in sport competitions C. a football coach by the name of Amos Alonzo Staggs D. hired so that the students wouldn't have to spend so much time organizing games and practices

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C. Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States

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The NCAA took on its present day name in 1912. The birth of the NCAA, though, actually occurred in 1905 and the initial name of the organization was the A. Intercollegiate Football Rules Committee. B. Intercollegiate Conference Association. C. Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States. D. Intercollegiate Football Association.

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D. The number of injuries and deaths occurring

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What was the prevailing reason for the push for reform in college football in the late 1800s and early 1900s? A. The eligibility of players B. The larger schools consistently winning against the smaller schools C. The need to legislate the money being received by football college athletes D. The number of injuries and deaths occurring

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C. conference realignment

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The Knight Commission was formed in 1989 to propose a reform agenda for intercollegiate athletics. All of the following were legislative rules passed by the NCAA from recommendations proposed by the Knight Commission except A. recruiting. B. academics. C. conference realignment. D. financial practices.

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C. the very first intercollegiate sport competition for women was in the sport of basketball in 1892, but the rules were changed from the men's game to make i more appropriate for women to play.

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Which of the following is a true statement regarding women's participation in collegiate sports? A. Women quickly became involved in college athletics as they enjoyed the competitive nature of the games. B. The very first association to govern women's college sports was formed during World War II when women were competing in sports because the men were overseas fighting in the war. C. The very first intercollegiate sport competition for women was in the sport of basketball in 1892, but the rules were changed from the men's game to make it more appropriate for women to play. D. Women's college sports have always been governed by the NCAA.

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A. Divisoin I

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Under the new organizational structure of the NCAA, which took effect in August 1997, which NCAA membership division uses a Board of Directors? A. Division I B. Division II C. Division III D. Divisions II and III E. All of these are correct.

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A. Athletics as a level playing field

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Which of the following is not one of the three main components in the basic purpose of the NCAA: A. athletics as a level playing field B. the athlete as part of the student body C. the distinction between intercollegiate athletics and professional sports D. athletics as part of the educational program, mission of the University

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D. Major: provides a school with an extensive recruiting or competitive advantage; secondary: provides a minimal recruiting or competitive advantage and may be inadvertent or isolated in nature.

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Which of the following best describes the difference between a major and a secondary violation? A. Major: first violation; secondary: second violation at a school B. Major: helps a school to gain a recruiting advantage; secondary: helps a school to gain a competitive advantage C. Major: helps a school to gain a recruiting or competitive advantage; secondary: could result in severe penalties to an institution D. Major: provides a school with an extensive recruiting or competitive advantage; secondary: provides a minimal recruiting or competitive advantage and may be inadvertent or isolated in nature

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C. Committee on Infractions

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Which group determines responsibility and assesses penalties for NCAA infractions? A. President's Council B. Executive Committee C. Committee on Infractions D. Clearinghouse

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B. Maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available to students

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Which of the following is not one of the philosophy principles followed by Division I institutions? A. Strive for regional and national prominence B. Maximize the number and variety of athletic opportunities available to students C. Strive to finance its athletics program through revenues generated D. Recognize the dual objectives of serving both the university or college community and the general public

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B. Compliance coordinator

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Which traditional athletics department staff member oversees adherence to NCAA and conference rules and regulations? A. senior women's administrator (SWA) B. compliance coordinator C. faculty athletics representative (FAR) D. student-athlete services administrator

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D. President MacCracken of New York University

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This university president was a pioneer at the turn of the 20th century in reforming college football and the number of deaths and injuries that were occurring: A. President Eliot of Harvard B. President Hutchins of Chicago C. President Roosevelt of Union College D. President MacCracken of New York University

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A. Showing that a lack of funding, institutional financial limitations, prevents the athletic department from complying with Title IX

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Which is not an allowable method an athletic department may use when attempting to comply with Title IX standards regarding participation opportunities? A. Showing that a lack of funding, institutional financial limitations, prevents the athletic department from complying with Title IX. B. Capping roster sizes for men's teams. C. Eliminating sport programs for men. D. Adding sport programs for women.

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A, B, and C

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Which of the following statements is true of the Division I conference? Choose all that apply. A. As of this writing, the Division I conference consists of 340 member institutions; most of these are either in the Football Bowl Subdivision or the Football Championship division. B. Division I schools, in general, support the philosophy of competitiveness, generation of revenue through athletics, and national success. C. Division I schools are required to sponsor at least 14 sports programs; FBS institutions must sponsor 16 teams. D. A typical Division I coach oversees several sport programs and may also hold an academic appointment, an administrative appointment, or teach activities classes. E. Athletic department budgets at the Division I level, and especially for FBS institutions, may be as much as two to three million dollars.

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more responsibility or more control; one-school/one vote

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In 1996, the NCAA passed Proposal 7, "Restructuring," at the NCAA convention that year. This restructuring plan gave the NCAA divisions ______ for conduct within their division; it also eliminated the ______ structure, in which each school and conference had one vote, assigned to the institution's president or CEO.

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A, B, C, D, E

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What skills might be needed for an athletic director or an associate athletic director at the collegiate level? Choose all that apply. A. Ability to teach an academic class of some type B. Ability to manage a large number of employees C. Public relations and negotiating skills D. Ability to coach a team E. Knowledge of financial and legal complexities that may affect the department F. Ability to have played one or more sports competitively at the college level

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A. True

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The National Collegiate Athletic Association refers to student-athletes from other countries as nonresident aliens. A. True B. False

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A. True

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The first intercollegiate athletic contest involved sponsorship by a company looking to enhance the company's business. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Faculty and college administrators got involved in the governance of intercollegiate athletics in the 1880s in order to curb the use of paid "professional" student-athletes. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The Carnegie Reports of 1929 stated that the responsibility for control over collegiate athletics rested with the coaches of the teams. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The first association to govern women's intercollegiate athletics was the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). A. True B. False

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B. False

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Women's basketball coaches have not yet reached the $1 million mark for salaries. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Soon after the birth of the NCAA in 1905, the Association determined its organizational structure for schools dividing them up into Division I, Division II, or Division III membership status. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The NCAA National Office staff members pass the legislative rules of the association and then enforce these rules through their enforcement and legislative services departments. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The NCAA is the primary rule-making body for all college athletic departments, including junior colleges, small colleges, and universities. A. True B. False

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A. True

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When an institution is involved in an investigation on possible rule violations, the Committee on Infractions (a committee of peers drawn from NCAA membership and the public) determines responsibility and assesses penalties. A. True B. False

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A. True

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To be recognized as a voting member conference of the NCAA, member conferences must have a minimum of six member institutions. A. True B. False

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B. False

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When pursuing a career in collegiate athletics, students should know that the apprentice system is used meaning the traditional route is one of being an athlete first, then a coach, and then becoming an athletic administrator. A. True B. False

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A. True

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As college athletics has become more complex and business-like, colleges and universities are looking more and more to the corporate world for CEOs or administrators with business backgrounds to run their athletics department. A. True B. False

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A. The legislature

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Which of the following is not one of the governing bodies of the IOC? A. The Legislature B. The Executive Board C. The Session D. The president

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C. National organizing committee

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The USOC (U.S. Olympic Committee) is an example of A. an IOC Session. B. a National Governing Body. C. a National Organizing Committee. D. an International Federation.

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D. Baron Pierre de Coubertin

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The founder of the modern Olympic Games in 1894 was A. William Hulbert. B. Fred Corcoran. C. Henry Mitchell McCracken. D. Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

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D. The organizations governing a specific sport within each individual country.

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National Governing Bodies are A. the federations governing sports throughout the world. B. the organizing committees for host cities. C. the national Olympic organizing committees in each individual country. D. the organizations governing a specific sport within each individual country.

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D. All of these are correct.

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The USOC is the organization mandated by Congress under the Amateur Sports Act of 1978 to do which of the following? A. Govern activities of the United States related to the Olympics, Paralympics, and the Pan Am Games. B. Represent the U.S. Olympic athletes, coaches, administrators and other Americans who support the Olympic Movement. C. Send the U.S. Olympic teams to the Olympics, Paralympics, and the Pan Am Games. D. All of these are correct.

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A. Men in at least 75 countries on four continents and by women in at least 40 countries on three continents.

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For a sport to be included on the Summer Olympic Program it must be practiced by A. men in at least 75 countries on four continents and by women in at least 40 countries on three continents. B. men in at least 25 countries on four continents and by women in at least 25 countries on three continents. C. men in at least 25 countries on four continents and by women in at least 25 countries on four continents. D. men and women in at least 25 countries on four continents.

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C. in at least 25 countries on three continents

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For a sport to be included on the Winter Olympic Program it must be practiced by A. men in at least 75 countries on four continents and by women in at least 40 countries on three continents. B. men in at least 75 countries on four continents and by women in at least 75 countries on two continents. C. in at least 25 countries on three continents. D. men or women in at least 25 countries on two continents.

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B. Opera

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In its initial efforts to sell more shoes in Europe, Nike incorporated one of Europe's most popular traditions. What was it? A. Bullfighting B. Opera C. Track and field events D. Soccer exhibitions

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B. Planning, implementing, and staging the olympic games in a host city

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The Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG) is responsible for A. awarding the host city for the Olympic Games from the bids that come through the bidding process. B. planning, implementing, and staging the Olympic Games in a host city. C. monitoring ambush marketing practices in the Olympic Games and sending out cease and desist orders against sponsors who trample on the property rights of official sponsors. D. choosing a nation's athletes and coaches and sending them to the Olympic Games.

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A. Nike

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Which United States sporting goods manufacturer signed with great teams such as the Brazilian national football team, Manchester United, Juventus, and F.C. Barcelona in an attempt to expand their market presence in football? A. Nike B. Reebok C. New Balance D. Adidas

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D. French, English, German, Arabic, Spanish, and Russian

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IOC members must speak one of the six languages spoken at IOC sessions. What are they? A. French, English, German, Korean, Spanish, and Russian B. French, English, German, Japanese, Spanish, and Russian C. French, English, German, Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, and Russian D. French, English, German, Arabic, Spanish, and Russian

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B. An initial term of 8 years, renewable once for 4 additional years.

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The term of the IOC President is A. a non-renewable term of 8 years. B. an initial term of 8 years, renewable once for 4 additional years. C. an initial term of 4 years, renewable as often as the IOC members deem appropriate. D. an initial term of 8 years, renewable as often as the IOC members deem appropriate.

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C. 104 Members

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Currently the IOC is made up of A. 14 members. B. 72 members. C. 104 members. D. as many members as there are countries in the world.

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E. are undertaken to increase sport participation and interest in a sport in particular international region

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Grassroots efforts are programs and activities that A. take place on grass sport fields. B. are undertaken to increase sport participation in a particular international region. C. are undertaken to increase interest in a sport in a particular international region. D. All of these are correct. E. are undertaken to increase sport participation and interest in a sport in particular international region.

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D. All of these are correct

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International federations A. are the international governing bodies for one or several sports throughout the world. B. are nongovernmental organizations recognized by the IOC to administer one or more sports at the world level and encompassing organizations administering such sports at the national level. C. must petition for formal recognition by the IOC and must apply the Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code and conduct effective out-of-competition tests in accordance with the established rules. D. All of these are correct.

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B. Soccer

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The World Cup(s) in what sport led to the creation of two new professional leagues? A. Hockey B. Soccer C. Basketball D. Lacrosse

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D. All of these are correct

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Nike has expanded its operations from running shoes to international markets. To capture these markets, Nike has had to move into what sport(s)? A. Ice hockey B. Golf C. Soccer D. All of these are correct.

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A. imperialistic efforts, as a mean's of imposing the conqueror's culture on the colonized land

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Sport first spread across international borders through A. imperialistic efforts, as a mean's of imposing the conqueror's culture on the colonized land. B. broadcasting of various games into other nations. C. the Olympic games. D. the work of international federations spreading different sports across borders.

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D. National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and International Federations (IFs)

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In the Olympic organizational structure National Governing Bodies (NGBs) report directly to A. National Olympic Committees (NOCs). B. International Federations (IFs). C. Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs). D. National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and International Federations (IFs). E. All of these are correct.

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B. "swifter, higher, stronger."

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The Olympic motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius," translates to A. "swiftest, highest, winningest." B. "swifter, higher, stronger." C. "swift, tall, and fortified." D. "serious, highest, fortuitous."

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C. IF sponsorship programs

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What is not one of the sponsorship levels for the Olympic Games in accordance with the Olympic Charter? A. The Olympic Partner Program B. NOC Sponsorship Programs C. IF Sponsorship Programs D. OCOG Sponsorship Programs

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B. False

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The International Olympic Committee is a corporation based in Paris, France. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The International Paralympic Committee is a committee of the International Olympic Committee. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The Paralympic Games are a segment of the modern Olympic Games for disabled athletes that occur during the actual Olympic Games. A. True B. False

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A. True

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The U.S. Paralympics are a division of the U.S. Olympic Committee. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The club system form of sport organization is more common in the United States. A. True B. False

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A. True

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The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an independent, international agency funded by the world's governments and sports programs. A. True B. False

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A. True

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A misconception resulting from the influence of contemporary superpowers on spectator sports, and perpetuated by popular media, is that the term globalization is often equated to Americanization. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The size of all International Federation staffs is determined by the IOC. A. True B. False

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A. True

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An OCOG identifies and targets its own sponsors, but must have approval from both the IOC and NOC. A. True B. False

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A. NFL

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What is the only sports league to ban corporate ownership? A. NFL B. NBA C. NHL D.MLB E. MLS

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D. Resolution of disputes over player compensation

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In professional sports, the commissioner has discretionary power in all of the following areas except A. rule making. B. approval of player contracts. C. resolution of disputes between clubs. D. resolution of disputes over player compensation. E. disciplinary matters between players and clubs.

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A. Players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers

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Strikes are much more disruptive in pro sports than in mainstream business because A. players have unique talents and cannot be replaced with temporary replacement workers. B. professional athletes' salaries are so much higher than the average worker. C. sports are seasonal, thus have less time to realize revenue. D. All of these are correct.

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D. None of these are correct

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As a general rule, league revenues include which of the following? A. Local broadcasting revenues B. Stadium sponsorships C. Preferred seat sales D. None of these are correct.

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D. A strike and a lockout

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The response to an impasse in labor negotiations is usually A. a strike. B. a lockout. C. a court order to force collective bargaining. D. a strike and a lockout. E. a lockout and a court order to force collective bargaining.

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D. All of these are correct

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A collective bargaining agreement covers A. wages. B. hours. C. terms and conditions of employment. D. All of these are correct.

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B. 20% of each

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What percentage of NBA television revenues and merchandise sales come from foreign markets? A. 5% of each B. 20% of each C. 40% of each D. 12% of each

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D. All of these are correct

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Many individuals in the management of professional sports leagues are not fans of salary caps because they A. routinely force teams to cut veteran players earning higher salaries to get under the ceiling of the cap. B. routinely provide teams with spending floors so low-revenue teams are prevented from cutting salaries in order to stay competitive. C. often have so many exceptions that they have inevitably created a number of loopholes for those agents and general managers who are creative negotiators and thus, the cap is not creating the parity it was intended to create. D. All of these are correct.

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A. The degree of league revenue sharing and the stability of a league's labor situation

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According to Much and Gotto (1997), what are the two most important factors in determining a sports franchise's value? A. The degree of league revenue sharing and the stability of a league's labor situation. B. The team's lease agreement and local broadcasting revenues. C. The team's stadium revenues and local broadcasting revenues. D. The league's having a salary cap and the team's local revenue streams.

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B. The Green Bay Packers

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Although the NFL bans public ownership, it has made an exception for what team? A. The Miami Dolphins B. The Green Bay Packers C. The San Francisco 49ers D. The Seattle Seahawks

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C. Major League Baseball

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What league first created the position of commissioner to govern the best interests of the sport? A. National Hockey League B. National Football League C. Major League Baseball D. National Basketball Association

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A. Introduced by Pete Rozelle that owners needed to do what was best for the NFL as a whole, as opposed to their individual franchises.

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"League think" is the concept A. introduced by Pete Rozelle that owners needed to do what was best for the NFL as a whole, as opposed to their individual franchises. B. of thinking of the league as a single entity structure. C. of creating a league "think tank" of owners to make leaguewide decisions and set league strategies. D. None of these are correct.

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D. All of these are correct

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The NFL Trust is responsible for which of the following activities? A. Ownership of all team logos and trademarks. B. Oversight and administration of the league's properties rights. C. Distribution of revenue for league properties rights to each club. D. All of these are correct. E. Oversight and administration of the league's properties rights and distribution of revenue for league properties rights to each club

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B. $600-800 million

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What is the current going rate for a franchise in the NFL? A. $140-160 million B. $600-800 million C. $100-200 million D. $200-300 million

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D. Luxury seating revenue

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Which of the following is not a revenue that is shared under league revenue-sharing systems? A. Expansion fees when new teams enter the league B. National television revenue C. Gate receipts at individual games D. Luxury seating revenue

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A. True

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The PGA operates as two divisions: one that governs the club professionals who serve amateur players and another, known today as the PGA Tour, that governs the tour professionals, and schedules events such as the PGA Championship Tour, PGA Tour Canada, and the Web.com Tour. A. True B. False

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E. All of the above are steps that eable a golver to qualify for the PGA Tour in any given year.

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Professional golfers must earn a right to compete on the PGA Tour annually. How do professional golfers qualify for the PGA Tour? A. After a golfer finishes in the top 25 in the qualifying tournament known as Q-School, he moves up to the developmental Web.com Tour. B. The best players move up through the ranks on the Web.com Tour. C. Players who make the cut move straight from the Web.com Tour to the PGA Tour. D. Veteran players can maintain their qualifications based on their prior year's performance on the PGA Tour. E. All of the above are steps that enable a golfer to qualify for the PGA Tour in any given year.

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D. All of the above

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According to the textbook, which of the following is a true statement regarding diversity in professional sports? A. In 2003, the NBA and MLB welcomed their first minority owners. B. Women now hold more than 40% of the head coaching positions in the WNBA clubs, and more than 60% of the assistant coaching positions. C. Racial minorities now represent more than 50% of all head coaches in the NBA and more than 40% of assistant coaches in that same league. D. All of the above.

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A. 83, 36

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The NBA has the broadest representation of foreign players on its rosters. In the 2009-2010 season, for example, the textbook notes that opening night rosters included ______ players from _____ different countries and territories. A. 83, 36 B. 115, 84 C. 13, 14 D. 150, 15

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B. Wayne Huizenga of the Miami Dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle Seahawks

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For what NFL owners was the cross-ownership ban in the NFL eased? A. Eddie DeBartolo and John and Denise (DeBartolo) York of the San Francisco 49ers B. Wayne Huizenga of the Miami Dolphins and Paul Allen of the Seattle Seahawks C. Jerry Jones of the Dallas Cowboys and Lamar Hunt of the Kansas City Chiefs D. Bob McNair of the Houston Texans and Daniel Snyder of the Washington Redskins

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C. Major League Baseball

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What league recently operated for a number of years without a permanent commissioner? A. National Hockey League B. National Football League C. Major League Baseball D. National Basketball Association

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A. Franchise Rights

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The privileges granted to owners that come with team ownership are called ______. A. franchise rights B. territorial rights C. revenue sharing rights D. ownership committee rights

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B. The single-entity structure

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________________ has emerged as a method for leagues to establish themselves in a manner that avoids antitrust liability and creates centralized fiscal control. A. The labor exemption B. The single-entity structure C. The corporate governance model D. Revenue sharing

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D. All of these are correct

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John Montgomery Ward founded the first baseball players union to fight what practice(s) by baseball team owners? A. Salary caps B. Baseball's reserve system C. Baseball's practice of selling players without the players receiving a share of profits D. All of these are correct. E. Salary caps and baseball's reserve system

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B. False

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Professional leagues have organized themselves in a manner consistent with a corporate governance model. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The term used to describe a team's ability to relocate is franchise decertification. A. True B. False

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B. False

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Leagues derive the bulk of their revenues from gate receipts. A. True B. False

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A. True

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In 1876, North America's first professional league, the National League, was organized. A. True B. False

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A. True

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The WNBA league and teams are primarily female-operated organizations. A. True B. False

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B. False

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The single-entity structure is a term used to describe a manner in which a team may organize itself in order to maintain fiscal control. A. True B. False

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A. True

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The practice of charging spectators at golf events began at fund-raisers by top male and female golfers to benefit the Red Cross during World War I. A. True B. False

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