question

What four components must be present in a definition of tourists?

answer

a) Tourists b) Businesses that provide goods and services for tourists c) The government in a tourist destination d) The host community, or the people who live in the tourist destination

question

Name the three prongs of sustainability.

answer

a) Social Dimensions b) Economic Dimensions c) Environmental Dimensions

question

True or False: Scuba Diving can harm the environment via water pollution, anchor damage, and specimen collecting.

answer

TRUE

question

What type of events does Higham (1999) suggest provide communities with more benefits and fewer burdens? a. hallmark events b. small-scale events c. nostalgia events d. active tourism

answer

b. small-scale events

question

A sport tourist who plays the Old Course at St. Andrews would be considered ... a. an active sport tourist b. a nostalgia sport tourist c. an event sport tourist d. a grassroots sport tourist

answer

a. an active sport tourist

question

Define active sport tourism:

answer

A sport that is centered around its location/traveling to see it/traveling while doing it Active sport tourism is TAKING PART

question

Define event sport tourism:

answer

A sport that is centered around an occasion Event sport tourism involves WATCHING

question

Define nostalgia sport tourism:

answer

Sport theme vacations, visiting halls of fame, etc. Nostalgia sport tourism involves VISITING

question

What three seasons do most destinations have?

answer

a) peak season b) shoulder season c) off season

question

Define shoulder season:

answer

The slower time between seasons (after peak season and before off season).

question

An organization that is responsible for attracting and organizing sport events to help communities capitalize on the potential benefits of sport tourism is called a......

answer

sports commission

question

When people have pride in their community as a result of hosting a sport event, this is referred to as.....

answer

psychic income

question

.....are people who were planning to visit a destination but switched the dates of their time to coincide with an event in the city.

answer

Time switchers

question

True or False: A study by Hall and Hodges (1996) found that low-income residents suffered the most from their city hosting a mega-event.

answer

TRUE

question

True or False: The displacement effect refers to someone whose primary motivation was not to attend a sporting event, but they ended up going because they were in the vicinity of the event when it was taking place.

answer

FALSE (this is casual effect)

question

True or False: Research shows that as many as 70% of spectators at a sporting event come from within the metropolitan area.

answer

TRUE

question

When ski resorts extend their ski seasons, it leaves little time for grass and plan regeneration. This is an example of which type of sustainability issue? a. environmental b. economic c. social d. societal

answer

a. environmental

question

Define sport marketing.

answer

The process of designing and implementing activities for the production, pricing, promotion, and distribution of a sport product or sport business product to satisfy the needs or desires of consumers and to achieve the company's objectives.

question

List five examples of how sport as a product differs from other goods and services.

answer

a) Sport products are INTANGIBLE- ie: You cannot touch the competition taking place between teams b) Sport products INVOLVE EMOTIONS- ie: Some spectators are emotionally attached to their team and are referred to as fans or fanatics. c) Sport products are SUBJECTIVE & VARY from person to person- ie: It's almost impossible to ensure everyone at a football game will enjoy their time since one team will lose. d) Sport products are INCONSISTENT & UNPREDICTABLE- ie: Many variables of sport rely on things like the attitudes of the players, the weather, or other uncontrollable factors. e) Sport products are PERISHABLE- ie: A fan buys a ticket, but once the game is over, the ticket has no value except the memories the person made at the game.

question

List three examples of sport product extensions.

answer

a) The Mascot b) The Music/Band c) The Concession Stands d) The Cheerleaders

question

True or False: Sport products are ancillary items such as the mascot and halftime entertainment.

answer

FALSE

question

What does SWOT stand for?

answer

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

question

In what four areas do market researchers obtain information about sport consumers?

answer

Demographics, Psychographics, Media Preferences, Purchasing Behavior

question

One of the most important roles of sport marketing is carrying out the ........... of an organization. a. mission b. interests c. ideas d. profit

answer

a. Mission

question

Because sport is ............, marketing often sell items such as t-shirts that serve as lasting reminders of the overall sport experience. a. exciting b. momentous c. perishable d. forgettable

answer

c. Perishable

question

Players, owners, and team management are .......... factors that affect the market climate. a. internal b. midlevel c. top-level d. external

answer

a. Internal

question

The media, corporate sponsors, and spectators are ........... factors that affect the market climate. a. internal b. midlevel c. top-level d. external

answer

d. External

question

Presenting the product in the best possible manner to encourage selected target audiences to purchase it is called .......... a. propaganda b. packaging c. promoting d. publicity e. market share

answer

b. Packaging

question

"To some fans, a high-scoring game is exciting. To other fans, it is boring." This statement illustrates which of the following aspects of sport? a. Sport experience is intangible b. Sport is subjective c. Sports are inconsistent and unpredictable d. Sport is perishable

answer

b. Sport is subjective

question

Which of the following is the correct list of the four elements of the marketing mix? a. product, price, place, promotion b. product, price, promotion, sales c. product, place, promotion, sales d. price, promotion, sales, Internet

answer

a. product, price, place, promotion

question

Officials, trainers, and sport psychologist are examples of...... a. tangible goods b. support services c. game personnel d. event planners

answer

b. support services

question

When a sport organization develops a pricing strategy and analyses laws pertaining to government regulations and the economic situation, it is taking into account which factor? a. consumer b. competitor c. company d. climate

answer

d. climate

question

Giveaways, coupons, and free samples are examples of ....... a. advertising b. publicity c. activities and inducements d. personal selling

answer

c. activities and inducements

question

Assessing the sport climate requires examining ........ and ........ factors as they affect marketing efforts.

answer

Internal, external

question

Define sport public relations.

answer

A managerial communication-based function designed to identify a sport organization's key publics, evaluate its relationships with those publics, and foster desirable relationships between the sport organization and those key publics.

question

Explain the difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication.

answer

Inter means "between" so Interpersonal communication is the exchange of messages between two people. This is face-to-face interactions, can be verbal or sent by body language or facial expressions. Intra means "within" so Intrapersonal communication is the internal communication that each of us experiences. By definition this type of communication is private but some people choose to share their thoughts in forums like internet blogs.

question

Explain the difference between intraorganizational and interorganizational communication.

answer

Intra means "within", so intraorganizational communication occurs within a particular sport organization setting. Inter means "between", so interorganizational communications occurs when members of a sport organization interact with those outside the organization.

question

List the three duties of media relations specialists.

answer

a) Writing News Releases b) Planning News Conferences c) Managing the Press Box

question

In professional sport, the employees who create, organize, and execute charitable initiatives and other programs are called ....................... professionals.

answer

community relations

question

The most basic and personal organizational communication skills that you need to develop are your .......... and ......... skills.

answer

writing, speaking

question

An organizational function that fosters the development of positive relationships between the organization and its most important publics is called ......... relations. a. community b. public c. business d. human

answer

b. public

question

........ refers to elements that interfere with reception of the message. a. Static b. Noise c. Selection d. Retention

answer

b. Noise

question

A communication model that focuses exclusively on the flow of information from the sport organization to its publics is an example of the ......... model of public relations. a. one-way b. two-way c. three-way d. four-way

answer

a. one-way

question

The ............ communication model focuses on communication give and take between a sport organization and its key publics. a. one-way b. two-way c. three-way d. four-way

answer

b. two-way

question

Reporters covering the news and writing articles for a newspaper or magazine are members or the ....... media. a. broadcast b. electronic c. virtual d. print

answer

d. print

question

Reporters covering news for a radio or television outlet are members of the ............ media. a. broadcast b. electronic c. virtual d. print

answer

b. electronic

question

One of the most sensitive ethical issues that media relations prrofessionals must deal with is .......... a. privacy b. personality c. protests d. principles

answer

a. Privacy

question

Organizational activity designed to build relationships with residents and civic organizations in the geographic area in which the sport organization is located is called .......... a. human b. community c. mass d. public

answer

b. community

question

Community relations professional frequently are responsible for creating, organizing, and executing ........... initiatives. a. charitable b. public c. human d. media

answer

a. charitable

question

The primary motive of a community relations program should be ......... , not ......... a. service, publicity b. packaging, promotions c. program, community d. publicity, service

answer

a. service, publicity

question

Which of the following terms means "assigning meaning to the communicated message"? a. message b. channel c. encoding and decoding d. noise

answer

c. encoding and decoding

question

List five sources of revenue for intercollegiate athletics programs.

answer

a) Parking b) Concessions c) Personal Seat Licenses d) Luxury Suites or Club Seating e) Donations

question

What are the two functions of financial management.

answer

a) Determining what to do with current financial resources (money) b) Determining how to procure additional financial resources.

question

What are the two categories of entries on an income statement?

answer

a) Balance Sheets b) Income Statement

question

Why is it important for professional teams to share revenues generated by the league?

answer

Because teams that are located in smaller markets or that have older stadia would have a harder time acquiring players if revenues were not split, which would then lead to a decrease in overall fan interest in the MLB, particularly for fans of teams that are particularly poor.

question

Briefly explain what economic impact studies represent.

answer

They are the estimate of change in the net economic activity in a community that occurs because of the spending attributed to a specific sport event or facility. It's the analysis of how expenditures on sport teams, events, or facilities economically affect a specific geographic region.

question

Total revenues minus total cost equals .........

answer

profit

question

The economics of sport is the study of how people in the sport industry deal with ............

answer

scarcity

question

The study of the behavior of individual businesses and households is called .....................

answer

microeconomics

question

The law of ........... states that consumers will demand less of a product as its price increases and more as its price falls.

answer

demand

question

Market ................ is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied.

answer

equilibrium

question

What economic concern might lead to a decrease in fan interest in Major League Baseball? a. the widening gap between high- and low-revenue teams b. the increase in TV revenues for some teams c. the increase in merchandise sales for some teams d. the practice of revenue sharing

answer

a. the widening gap between high- and low-revenue teams

question

What is the definition of profit? a. money generated by high-profile college teams b. total revenues minus total costs c. revenues minus expenses after taxes d. money left over after coaches' and players' salaries are paid

answer

b. total revenues minus total costs

question

What process helps control salaries in the NFL and the NBA? a. free agency b. collective bargaining c. reserve clause d. economic interaction

answer

b. collective bargaining

question

The increase in production of a product as its price increases and the decrease in production as its price falls in known as: a. law of demand b. law of supply c. market equilibrium d. market shortage

answer

b. law of supply

question

Professional teams within a single league both ........ and .......... to ensure financial success for all teams.

answer

compete, corporate

question

Write out the equation that is used to calculate the profit level for a sport organization.

answer

Revenue - Cost

question

What is the largest single source of revenue in collegiate athletics?

answer

NCAA Men's Basketball Championship

question

What is festival seating? Why is it controversial?

answer

Festival seating is a type of GA seating, but is a misnomer because no actual seats exist. Festival seating allows stectators to crowd together standing shoulder to shoulder in open floor spaces. Although promoters can sell more tickets, it is a potentially deadly arrangement and continues to be a controversial topic in event management.

question

What are the four general categories of sport facilities?

answer

a) Single-Purpose Facilities b) Multipurpose Facilities c) Entertainment Facilities d) Intercollegiate Facilities

question

Moving from public to private management is called .........

answer

privatization

question

A generic document that uses standard language and a fill-in-the-blanks format is called a .............

answer

boilerplate

question

A dangerous form of seating in which there are actually no seats is called .................

answer

festival seating

question

Who is directly responsible for creating the facility's standard operating procedures and ensuring that these procedures are administered correctly? a. facility manager b. facility director c. operations manager d. event coordinator e. a and b

answer

e. a. facility manager b. facility director

question

Who reports directly to the head administrator and is responsible for all personnel, procedures and activities related to the facility? a. facility manager b. facility director c. operations manager d. event coordinator e. a and b

answer

b. operations manager

question

Who is directly responsible for managing ice shows, political rallies, and athletic events? a. facility manager b. facility director c. operations manager d. event coordinator e. a and b

answer

d. event coordinator

question

For large events, how much time is usually allowed for load-in and setup? a. 3 hours b. 6 hours c. 1 days d. 2 days

answer

c. 1 days

question

The legislation that provides civil rights for citizens with disabilities by prohibiting discrimination in places of public accommodation in called the ....................................

answer

ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act

question

What type of seating assures spectators a specific seat, in a specific row, in a specific section at the event?

answer

Reserved

question

What type of seating is a first-come, first-serves process?

answer

General Admission

question

True or False: Customer service is important in event management because it can lead to repeat customers if done properly.

answer

TRUE

question

True or False: Effective signage is a component of crowd control.

answer

TRUE

question

Define consumer behavior.

answer

The process involved in the search, selection, purchase, and use of products, services, and experiences that fulfill consumers' needs or desires. Consumer behavior helps you understand how personal and group factors influence consumer decisions and how people make purchase decisions.

question

Researchers have identified three key motives for participating in sport. List them.

answer

a) Achievement b) Social c) Mastery Motives

question

What is the key to the success of a sport organization?

answer

The ability to attract consumers

question

What three components work together to form an attitude?

answer

a) Cognitive b) Affective c) Behavioral

question

A positive level of arousal is called ..............

answer

eu-stress

question

If you are BIRGing, what are you doing?

answer

Basking In Reflective Glory

question

A ................. is the focus of an organization's marketing efforts.

answer

target market

question

When we buy a product and then question our judgment about it, we are experiencing cognitive ...............

answer

dissonance

question

The belief that only women should attend soccer games represents which component of attitude? a. cognitive b. behavioral c. affective d. extrinsic

answer

a. cognitive

question

What is a group to which a person wishes to belong?

answer

Aspirational Group

question

What are the three steps in the decision process?

answer

a) Gather Information b) Interpret the Facts c) Look at the Opportunity/Options & Decide

question

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, what three conditions define a person as having a disability?

answer

a) a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities b) a record of a disability c) a perception of possessing a disability

question

In what three areas are schools generally evaluated for Title IX compliance?

answer

a) The schools distribution of financial aid among women's and men's athletic teams b) Benefits, opportunities, and treatments within men's and women's sports programs c) Whether the interest and abilities of the underrepresented group have been accommodated.

question

List at least five of the ten areas evaluated for the second evaluation area of Title IX.

answer

a) Provision of equipment and supplies b) Provision of locker rooms, practice facilities, and competitive facilities c) Provision of medical and training facilities and services d) Publicity and recruitment procedures e) Provision of housing and dining facilities and services

question

The purpose of ......... law is to remedy a wrong done to a single injured plaintiff.

answer

tort

question

............... is the failure to act as another reasonable, prudent professional would have acted in a like or similar circumstance.

answer

Negligence

question

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 was originally intended to provide equal opportunity for both sexes in what area?

answer

Prevents discrimination in any program that receives federal financial assistance

question

What law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities?

answer

Americans with Disabilities Act

question

.......... relieve a business and its employees of a responsibility for their acts of ordinary negligence.

answer

Waivers

question

.................... represents a negative false statement, negligently made, that results in damage to a person's reputation, pride, and integrity.

answer

Defamation

question

Invasion of privacy and defamation are examples of what? a. tort law b. negligence c. intentional torts d. ADA

answer

c. intentional torts

question

The doctrine of precedent works together with another concept to the provide predictability and consistency. What is that other concept?

answer

Stare Decisis

question

What is the purpose of tort law?

answer

Remedy to a wrong

question

Define negligence.

answer

The failure to act as another reasonably prudent person would act in the same situation.

question

To prove negligence, what four elements must plaintiff prove?

answer

a) duty b) a breach of duty c) a proximate cause d) injury

question

Title IX compliance employs a three-prong test to examine the extent to which the interest and abilities of the underrepresented group have been represented. What are the prongs in this three-prong test?

answer

Proportionality History Accommodation

question

Enactments made by a legislature and expressed in a formal document are considered ..............

answer

statutes

question

A legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts is referred to as ..............

answer

precedent

question

As is it embodied in the 5th and 14th amendments to the United States constitution, ................ ensures that a law shall not be unreasonable, arbitrary, or capricious and that the means selected for enforcing a law shall have a reasonable and substantial relation t the objective government sought.

answer

due process

question

The law of .......... is also known as the law of private agreements.

answer

contracts

question

In what four areas have sport sociologists identified racial myths and prejudices about African Americans and other ethnic minorities in sport?

answer

a) Assumptions about race and athletic ability b) Sport leadership c) Sport media coverage d) The role of sport in racially connected upward mobility

question

Why is it important for sport managers to know about people?

answer

Because the sport manager must understand the social context of sport and the meaning attached to that context in order to get people involved with and stay committed to a certain activity.

question

Sport sociology examines which of the following? a. behavior of specific individuals b. social patterns of individuals c. organizations of groups d. structures of individuals

answer

c. organizations of groups

question

True or False: Since the passage of title IX, the number of female coaches of women's coaches has decreased.

answer

TRUE

question

How do young children learn to think and behave in accordance with the multiplicity ofsocial roles available to them? a. role learning b. collective social learning c. hypothetical situations d. social deviance

answer

a. role learning

question

In bringing people together by giving them a sense of personal identity, group membership, and social identification, sport serves as a .................. . a. bright side of life b. collector of people c. unifier of people d. leader of people

answer

c. unifier of people

question

Before Title IX, most administrators and coaches of women's intercollegiate sports teams were: a. former athletes b. team members c. men d. women

answer

d. women

question

The irrational fear or intolerance of homosexuality, gay men, or lesbians is called: a. hemophilia b. homogeneity c. homophobia d. homomania

answer

c. homophobia

question

Steering minority players away from the quarterback position is a form of a. strutting b. stacking c. stomping d. strapping

answer

b. stacking

question

Define ambush marketing.

answer

A tactic whereby a company attampts to undermine the sponsorship activities of a rival that owns the legal rights to a sponsor an event; intended to create the sense that the ambusher is officially associated with the event. (McDonalds/Subway/Olympics)

question

Define blood doping.

answer

The practice of illicitly boosting the number of red blood cells, which transport oxygen, to enhance athletic performance

question

List four current issues associated with international sport governance.

answer

a) Corporate Sponsorship b) Drug Testing and Arbitration c) The Use of Assistive Devices d) Concerns Associated with the Paralympic Games

question

During the Summer Olympics of ......... in Munich, terrorists murdered 11 Israeli athletes and coaches.

answer

1972

question

In ........ , the International Olympic Committee eliminated all references to the term amateur in the Olympic governance documents.

answer

1985

question

The city that hosts the Olympic Games is also required to host the ............ Games, which occur 2 weeks later.

answer

Paralympic

question

Athletes with physical or visual disabilities compete in the .....................

answer

Paralympic Games

question

What event marked the birth of a new international sport revolution? a. 2002 FIFA Men's World Championship b. 1994 Men's FIFA World Cup c. 1972 Summer Olympics d. 1999 Women's FIFA World Cup

answer

c. 1972 Summer Olympics

question

Who was the official US Olympic outerwear sponsor for the 1992 Olympics? a. Nike b. Reebok c. Puma d. addidas

answer

b. Reebok

question

Why did some members of the 1992 US men's basketball team that won the Olympic gold medal cover the logo of the official outerwear sponsor with the American flag? a. They were opposed to corporate sponsorship on ethical groungs. b. They had endorsement contracts with other companies and didn't want to be seem implicitly endorsing a competitor's product. c. They wanted to make the statement that they were participated in the Olympics for their country. d. It was an honest mistake, and they did not realize they covered the logo.

answer

b. They had endorsement contracts with other companies and didn't want to be seem implicitly endorsing a competitor's product.

question

What does the acronym WADA stand for?

answer

World Anti-Doping Agency

question

What does the acronym CAS stand for?

answer

Court of Arbitration for Sport

question

In 2008, double-amputee Oscar Pistorius brought about controversy in his efforts to qualify as a South American Olympic runner in the 400 meters because of his prosthetic legs. This is an example of while international sport governance issue? a. corporate sponsorship of major international sporting events b. drug testing and arbitration c. assistive devices d. Paralympic governance concerns

answer

c. assistive devices

question

True or False: Assessing the degree to which an organization is engaged in international sport is more difficult than assessing the context in which an organization operates.

answer

TRUE

question

Which or the following has greatly contributed to the growth of women's sports in the United States and, indirectly, around the world? a. Title IX b. WADA c. CAS d. BALCO

answer

a. Title IX

question

The USOC Revised its code of conduct to include language requiring all US Olympic athletes to wear apparel provided by the official US Olympic sponsors as a result of which international sport governance issue? a. corporate sponsorship of major international sporting events b. drug testing and arbitration c. assistive devices d. Paralympic governance concerns

answer

a. corporate sponsorship of major international sporting events

question

The World Anti-Doping Agency was formed as a response to which of the following international sport governance issues? a. corporate sponsorship of major international sporting events b. drug testing and arbitration c. assistive devices d. Paralympic governance concerns

answer

b. drug testing and arbitration

question

True or False: Sport is often seen as a universal product that bridges cultural differences, customs, and belief systems and, thus, is a vital part of the growing international business exchange.

answer

TRUE

question

Whenever a non-TOP company links images of sports or athletes to the Olympic host city without using the term Olympic or Olympic Games in its ads, this is referred to as a. sponsorship b. ambush marketing c. international marketing d media relations

answer

b. ambush marketing

question

List three common methods used to collect quantitative data.

answer

a) Content Analyses b) Secondary Data Analysis c) Questionnaires

question

List three common methods used to collect qualitative data.

answer

a) Focus Groups b) Interviews c) Observations

question

True or False: Qualitative and quantitative data both involve numbers.

answer

FALSE

question

Research instruments must be both ......... (captures the meaning of abstract concepts) and ........... (consistent).

answer

validity, reliability

question

Sport managers face considerable challenges when they interpret research if they lack adequate ...........

answer

training

question

True or False: Trial and error is an efficient method of sport management.

answer

FALSE

question

True or False: Sport management research is a systematic way of examining the hunches, assumptions, and questions about a wide range of sport management phenomena.

answer

TRUE

question

True or False: Although several commercial research firms exist, the uniqueness of the issues facing today's professional sports leagues has driven many of them to take responsibility for their own research undertakings.

answer

TRUE

question

What was the second most successful Nike marketing campaign featuring Bo Jackson?

answer

Elite Cross Training Shoes

question

What was the nickname for the NC State 1983 basketball team?

answer

Cardiac Pack

question

In the early 1990's, what player speculated that 30% of major league baseball players were taking PEDs?

answer

Tony Gwynn

question

What is Nick Saban's Record in championship games? (Conference and National)?

answer

8-1

question

AT&T Stadium uses more energy on game day than what country uses in a year?

answer

Liberia

question

What two sports did Andrew Lummus play in college?

answer

Football and Baseball

question

Which player from the Fab Five made it to the NBA?

answer

Ray Jackson

question

Who won the 2013 Masters?

answer

Adam Scott

question

Who did the Springboks beat in the World Cup Championship?

answer

New Zealand

question

How many league titles did Sir Alex win at Manchester?

answer

13

question

How many professional tennis players have won a career grand slam?

answer

16

question

Where is the next Olympics going to be held?

answer

Sochi, Russia

question

What is the name of the player recently acquired by FC Barcelona?

answer

Neymar

question

What two teams played the first game of football in the United States?

answer

The Ruckers and Princeton

question

Who offered to sign Billy Beane to a five year, $12.5 million deal?

answer

The Boston Red Sox

question

Who spoke the famous quote against the USSR at the end of the game?

answer

Al Michaels

question

What building did madison Square garden take over in 1968?

answer

Penn Station

question

What stadium has a similar layout to bush stadium?

answer

Wrigley Field

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