SOPH: AP World: Chapter 3 Review – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Akhetaten (Amarna)
answer
New capital city: "Horizon of Aten" in present day Amarna... Established by Akhenaten In untouched part of the desert. Moved to bolster the new order/religion and escape power of the hostile priesthood.
question
Amenhotep IV
answer
Tried to bring about social and religious changes to Egypt; believed in monotheism rather than polytheism. ONLY WORSHIPPED ATEN, sun god Changed his name to Akenhenaton "he who is pleasing to Aten" After his death Egypt returned to polytheism
question
Amon- Re
answer
Egyptian God of the Sun/ Universal god
question
Aryans
answer
ancient Indo-European culture, migrated to Mehrgahr
question
Brahman
answer
enlightenment (step....think Siddartha)
question
Brahmins
answer
high class (priests)
question
citadels
answer
a fortress, typically on high ground, protecting or dominating a city
question
Dalit
answer
untouchables, lowest of low class in Egypt caste system
question
Djoser
answer
early Egyptian king
question
Dravidian
answer
Another name for the Harrapan Civilization
question
Giza
answer
an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo
question
Great Pyramid of Khufu
answer
Largest pyramid near town of Giza Limestone blocks HUGE made under rule of khufu
question
Harappa
answer
large ancient city of the Indus river valley civilization. In present day pakistan
question
Harappan Civilizations
answer
Neolithic Villages (difficult to examine remains....no translation of language). High Water table +Large Walled City - wars/fight/like Sumer w/ Mohenjo Daro
question
Heliopolis
answer
important Egyptian city. Greek term "sun" "city/town" helio-polis
question
Hierakonpolis
answer
"Nekhen" in ancient Egypt Nomes that developed into one capital City along the banks of Nile. Form of a compact city, but it exercised many urban functions. Introduced/implemented by irrigation systems (like Shaduf) Had timbs/cemetaries Social stratification Narmer pallette discovered here
question
hieroglyphs
answer
ancient Egyptian system of picture writing Formal
question
Hyksos
answer
invaders from the east that contributed to destroy/downfall of the Old Kingdom
question
Indra
answer
Egypt: God of war/conflict
question
Indus River
answer
river in present-day Pakistan that createsa fertile plain known as the Indus River Valley
question
Isis
answer
Godess of magic and fertility (Mother godess) Osiris' wife and sister; Mother of Horus
question
Karma
answer
(hinduism/buddhism) How the effects of a persons actions determine his destiny/who he is in his next incarnation (recarnation)
question
Kshytiyas
answer
second cast; Rulers/Warriors/Politicians/Provincial Governors
question
Lawbook of Manu
answer
one of the Vedas, foundation for Hindu Religion
question
Ma'at
answer
balance of order and justice Maintained by the Egyptian God-Kings
question
Mastabas
answer
Ancient Egyptian tombs. Originally simple stone tombs built for the elite/upper class. When official died and wanted to be buried next to another mastaba, architects began to build bigger mastabas off of the smaller one. These kept being built up until they were multistory tombs (stair tombs).
question
Mehrgarh
answer
Area between today's Pakistan/Iran part of INdus River Valley
question
Memphis
answer
city in the Indus River Valley
question
Menes/Narmer
answer
Narmer: Egyptian king who some believe to be the person who first unified the upper and lower Nile into one single kingdom. Some credit Menes as the one to do this.... Some believe Menes is the same person.
question
Mesopotamia
answer
in fertile crescent: Region between Tigris/Euphrates Rivers (Modern iraq) Sumer pioneered world's first urban revolution Sargon of Akkad united it
question
Middle Kingdom
answer
Rise: King Metuhoptepte of Thebes reunited kingdom as one (began middle kingdom). Trade revived, fine arts/literature thrived, the states developed MORE ORGANIZATION and POWER than ever before. Fall:
question
Mohenjo-Daro
answer
"mound of the dead" City in the Indus River Valley
question
Moksha
answer
past Brahman, when one no longer has to be reincarnated because they are enlightened.
question
Mummification
answer
process of embalming/drying corpses to preserve/prevent decay. Used as ritual to bring you to the afterlife.
question
Nagada I
answer
Neolithic period where people migrated out of the Sahara to Egypt (beginning of Nile civilization known to us)
question
Narmer
answer
Egyptian king who some believe to be the person who first unified the upper and lower Nile into one single kingdom. May also be Menes.
question
New Kingdom
answer
Period during which Egypt reached the height of its power/glory
question
Nile River
answer
Through Egypt (gift of the nile); Nile Valley Predictable flood season every July, August, September (provides natural irrigation and carried silt)
question
nomes
answer
Egyptian city-states/territories... came together and formed capital region of hierkonpolis. Administered districts in Egypt
question
Nubia
answer
invaders from the south that helped to destroy/downfall the old kingdom
question
Old King
answer
2700 BC - 2200 BC Upper and Lower Egypt separate kingdoms, developed basic features of its civilization Built the pyramids; and eternal resting place for their god-kings
question
papyrus
answer
paper made from papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing flat
question
Pharaoh
answer
king-god of ancient egypt God/political/military leader
question
Phoenicians
answer
sea people that had advanced weapons attacked Egypt alongside the Hyksos Lived in egypt/interracial
question
Prakrit
answer
shorthand/informal version of Sanskrit
question
raja
answer
an Aryan King
question
Rosetta Stone
answer
Important to modern anthropologists because it provided them with a key for understanding hieroglyphics. Understanding these hieroglyphics is essential for learning about the early Egypt civilization.
question
Samsara
answer
The wheel/cycle of rebirth/reincarnation; the this-worldly realm in which rebirth occurs
question
Sanskrit
answer
(Hinduism) an ancient language of India/the Vedas/Hinduism Writing
question
Sati
answer
Hindu goddess (wife of shiva)
question
Seth
answer
God of disorder and Evil Osiris's brother defeated by Horus
question
Shaduf
answer
An irrigation sysyem that used buckets attached to a huge, turning wheel to dip into the river, bringing up water that then poured into man-made irrigation channels.
question
Shudras
answer
4th on caste in egyptian social class system Farmers (laborers)
question
Sphinx
answer
Mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human has large tunnels/caverns under, conspiracy theories :D
question
The Book of the Dead
answer
Egyptian religious text, describing the process of going/getting to the afterlife and mummification
question
Tigris-Euphrates Valley
answer
valley with two rivers that defined Mesopotamis (around fertile crescent)
question
Upanishads
answer
Hindu religious texts
question
Vaishyas
answer
3rd caste in the egyptian social class system Merchants/artisans/special laborers
question
Vedas
answer
Hindu sacred texts. Set of 4 collections of hymns/religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests
question
Why was Egypt called 'the Gift of the Nile'?
answer
called 'the Gift of the Nile' because outside of the Nile, there is only desert surrounding them.
question
Diffrences between Nile and Tigris/Euphrates River system?
answer
Nile has predictable flood season (Jully, August, September) Tigris/Euphrates unpredictable floods.
question
Why is the Rosetta Stone important?
answer
Provided a key for understanding hieroglyphics. Understanding these Egyptian hieroglyphics is essential for learning about the early history of the Egyptian civilization.
question
Who were the different people living in the Nile Valley?
answer
Semites, Phoenicians, Blacks, Europeans
question
Responsibilities of the Egyptian 'God-Kings'
answer
Responsible for.... + maintaining ma'at (justice and order) throughout the kingdom + keeping the forces of nature in balance + inviting the annual flooding of the Nile River that made agriculture possible
question
Relationship of Seth, Isis, and Osiris
answer
Seth attempted to kill and defeat Osiris. Isis saved him and had son Horus. Horus defeated Seth and gave osiris new life as king and principal of the underworld.
question
Egyptian view of the Afterlife Evolve over time
answer
At first, Egyptians believed that the afterlife was reserved for kings alone. Later idea expanded to include all royals/important officials. Even later, people began to believe a large proportion of the population went to the afterlife.
question
Three important attributes of hierakonpolis
answer
1. Irrigation systems (shaduf irrigation) 2. Tombs/cemetaries (evidence of social stratification) -one for common, one for royals 3. Narmer Pallette discovered here (slate tablet illustrating this unification )
question
The Rise and Fall of the Old Kingdom
answer
Fall: Central authority weakened and provincial officials in each Nome asserted their power. Collected/kept taxes for themselves, private armies ruled locally. Death rates increased, famine prevalent, Nile didn't reach optimal flood heights for agriculture, and weak rulers could not create irrigation works to compensate for shortfall.
question
Rise and Fall of the Middle Kingdom
answer
King Mentuhotpe of Thebes reunited, created Middle Kingdom. Trade revived, fine arts/literature flourished, States develop more ORGANIZATION & POWER than ever. Became empire. Ended : -Nubians drove out Egyptian conquerors Invasion of the Hyksos
question
Amenhotep's Changes in Society
answer
+ Adopted new monotheistic religion: only worship Aten, the god of the sun. + Changed his name to Akenhenaten ("he who serves Aten") + Appointed himself mediator betweeen people/god +Erased old gods from incriptions. Remove words "all gods" in texts. + Move capital from thebes to empty part of desert (named it Akenhenaten). These reforms were abandoned as soon as he died/lost power.
question
Osiris
answer
God of Order and Virtue New life: King, Principal god of the Underworld Husband of Isis, Brother of Seth, Father of Horus
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New