Sociology – Week 5
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Which main sociological theory takes a more micro or close-up look at the individual to explain deviance?
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Symbolic Interactionism
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From Emili Durkheim's functional perspective, deviance in a society:
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Is necessary for a society's survival.
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The act of abiding by society's norms is known as which of the following?
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Normative compliance
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In 1973m the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms for drug possession and sale. These are still in effect and are known as:
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The rockefeller drug laws.
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Which theory explains how social context and social cues impact the way individuals act, specifically, whether or not local, informal norms allow acts such as vandalizing an abandoned car?
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Broken Windows Theory
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In industrialized societies, social sanctions are most likely:
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Focused on the criminal's individual circumstances.
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Which theory developed by Cloward and Ohlin (1960) explains that street crime rises and falls in relation to the availability of legitimate economic opportunities?
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Differential Opportunity Theory
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The paradox on deviance and social control presented by your textbook author in Chapter 6 is that
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It is the deviants among us who hold society together.
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Tax evasion is an example of which of the following types of crimes, as defined by sociologists?
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White-collar crimes
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Which of the following is true regarding the current social sanctions in the United States?
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We apply both mechanical and organic sanctions.
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Which of the following is Durkheim's term meaning a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be more or less predictable?
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Anomie
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Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterized modern life?
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Organic
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Which type of social solidarity is based on interdependence because the members of society perform different and specialized functions, according to Durkheim?
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Organic
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Former Enron CEO Kenneth Lay committed crimes such as misappropriating funds, issuing false reports, and destroying evidence. These crimes are known as:
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Corporate Crimes
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Sociologists refer to the set of mechanisms that creates compliance to norms as which of the following?
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Social Control
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What is Merton's theory, which states that we learn society's expected goals and means to achieve them, and when we can't achieve them, we may adapt in a variety of modes?
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Strain theory
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According to Merton, which of the following describes a person who accepts both the goals defined by society and the means to achieve them?
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Conformist
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Which of the following is Durkheim's primary explanation for why people commit suicide?
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They lack social integration.
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The common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide is defined by Durkheim as
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Collective Conscience
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Which of the following is true regarding race and the death row population?
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Justice and race on death-row is NOT color blind.
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David Rosenhan (1973) sent some of his students to a psychiatric hospital, saying they were \"hearing voices.\" Each pseudo-patient was admitted and diagnosed with a mental disorder. He was illustrating ____________ theory
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Labeling
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According to Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment, good people can do terrible things depending on their social surroundings and expectations. He calls this:
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The Lucifer Effect
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A crime such as burglary is also known as which type of deviance?
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Formal Deviance
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According to Merton, a person who completely stops participating in society's drive to achieve its defined goals is a(n)
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Retreatist
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According to data on mass incarceration in the United States, the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?
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20,000
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All of the following are types of suicide described by Durkheim EXCEPT
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Recidivist
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A policy of imprisoning and monitoring criminal offenders for committing crimes in an effort to prevent them from committing more crimes is known as
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Specific Deterrence
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Within organic solidarity, what response to deviance is designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society?
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Rehabilitative
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the current U.S. incarceration rate?
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It is the highest in American History.
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Tracy is a woman who rejects the goals defined by society to achieve a big house and lots of money, but she still follows the means and abides by the rules. Merton would classify Tracy as a(n)
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Ritualist
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Which theory suggests that \"crime results from a rational calculation of the costs and benefits of criminal activity\"?
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Deterrence Theory
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Which of the following is Durkheim's term meaning a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be more or less predictable?
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Anomie
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A person who desires a big mansion and the perfect \"American Dream\" lifestyle, but sells illegal drugs to achieve this, is known by Merton as a(n)
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Innovator
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Goffman (1961) called situations where \"all aspects of life are conducted in the same place and under the same single authority\"
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Total Institutions
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Which of Durkheim's types of social solidarity characterized premodern life?
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Mechanical
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Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions?
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Secondary Deviance
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Which type of social solidarity is based on the sameness of the individual parts and people in a society, according to Durkheim?
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Mechanical
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When analyzing U.S. crime rates, your textbook author explains that the best indicator we have of crime is the
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Murder Rate
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Which of the following crimes has the most financial impact in the United States today?
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White Collar Crime
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Which type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation, according to Durkheim?
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Fatalistic
