Sociology – Real World – Ch. 13, Recreation / Leisure
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leisure
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a period of time that can be spend relaxing, engaging in recreation, or otherwise indulging in freely chosen activities
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recreation
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any satisfying, amusing, and stimulating activity that is experienced as refreshing and renewing for body, mind, and spirit
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commodification
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the process by which it becomes possible to buy and sell a particular good or service
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consumption
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the utilization of goods and services, either for personal use or in manufacturing
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conglomeration
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the process by which a single corporation acquires ownership of a variety of otherwise unrelated businesses
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synergy
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a mutually beneficial interaction between parts on an organization that allows them to create something greater than the sum of their individual outputs
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merger
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the legal combination of two companies, usually in order to maximize efficiency and profits by eliminating redundant infrastructure and personnel
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concentration
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the process by which the number of companies producing and distributing a particular commodity decreases, often through mergers and conglomeration
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monopoly
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a situation in which there is only one individual or organization, without competitors, providing a particular good or service
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antitrust legislation
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laws designed to maintain competition in the marketplace by prohibiting monopolies, price fixing, or other forms of collusion among business
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deregulation
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reduction or removal of government controls from an industry to allow for a free and efficient marketplace
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magic bullet theory
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a theory that explains the effects of media as if its contents simply entered directly into the consumer who is powerless to resist
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active audience theory
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a theory that explains the effects of media through the activity of the audience members, who actively construct a \"reading\" or understanding of the media they consume
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interpretive strategies
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the ideas and theories that audience members bring to bear on a particular media text to understand its meaning
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uses and gratifications paradigm
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a theory of media use that focuses on individuals' psychology or social needs that various media fulfill
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encoding/decoding model
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a theory of media combining models that privilege the media producer and models that view the audience as the primary source of meaning; this theory recognizes that media texts are created to deliver specific messages, and that individuals actively interpret them
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textual poaching
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Henry Jenkin's term describing the ways that audience members manipulate an original cultural product to create a new one; a common way for fans to exert some control over the media they consume
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role model
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an individual who serves as an example for others to strive towards and emulate
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communitarianism
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a political and moral philosophy focused on strengthening civil society and communal bonds
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lifestyle enclaves
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groups of people drawn together by shared interests, especially those relating to hobbies, sports, and media
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third place
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any informal public place where people come together regularly for conversation and camaraderie when not at work or at home
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civil society
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those organizations, institutions, and interactions outside of government, family, and work that promote social bonds and the smooth functioning of society
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idioculture
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the customs, practices, and values expressed in a particular place by the people who interact there
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a role model relationship with a celebrity.
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In the 1990s, kids who chanted, \"I want to be like Mike!\" to express their admiration for Michael Jordan had:
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inequality
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On the ESPN.com website, men's college basketball is presented as \"college basketball,\" while women's college basketball is called \"women's college basketball\" and shares a web page with women's professional basketball. This is an example of:
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Few people can take pleasure in great cities, which are full of strangers.
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The sociologist Richard Sennett argues that we have seen the \"fall of public man\" and have become much more likely to seek refuge in \"ties of family or intimate association.\" Given this, what else would you expect Sennett to believe?
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Many more types of products will be subject to fashion and will go out of style.
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Given what you know about David Harvey and the postmodern economy, how does our society manage to consume all of the additional goods produced as a result of the incredible increases in efficiency?
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concentration
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The information in Figure 13.1 shows how media ____________, where the number of companies producing and distributing particular commodities decreases has occurred.
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third places
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What do sociologists call locations like neighborhood bars and local cafes where people gather to talk?
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people were paid to write, edit, print, ship, and shelve the book.
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Reading a book that you checked out from the library might seem to be an example of a recreational activity that is totally uncommercialized, but it is still directly connected to commercial activity and work because:
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They bring different interpretive strategies to the experience of listening to Morrissey's music.
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The English music star Morrissey got his start in the band The Smiths, singing about radical vegetarianism and bisexuality in the 1980s. He was effeminate, bleak, and sarcastic. Today his fan base has expanded far beyond the disaffected English teenagers who bought his original records. In fact some of his most devoted fans are Hispanics in Southern California. How is it possible that British teenagers in the 1980s and Hispanic Californians can appreciate the same music?
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all answers are correct
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What developments have changed the way that leisure time is used?
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communitarianism.
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The movement that attempts to rebuild group values and a sense of collective responsibility is called:
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all answers are correct
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A typical media conglomerate might include which of the following? a. a book and magazine publisher b. radio and television broadcasters c. a sports franchise
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the uses and gratifications paradigm
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Sometimes teenage boys watch football games on Sunday only because they wish to be able to make conversation with their classmates on Monday. Which theory best explains this?
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It encouraged them to spend their leisure time in their own homes.
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How did the rise of the suburbs affect the way that people used their leisure time?
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They have all been used in Nike commercials.
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What do the phrases, \"I want to be like Mike,\" \"I am Tiger Woods,\" and \"I am not a role model\" all have in common?
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the encoding/decoding model
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In his study of British television, The Nationwide Audience, David Morley argued that the success or failure of a television program \"in transmitting the preferred or dominant meaning will depend on whether it encounters readers\" with \"codes and ideologies derived from other institutional areas (e.g. churches or schools) which correspond to and work in parallel with those of the program or whether it encounters readers\" with beliefs \"drawn from other areas or institutions (e.g. trade unions or 'deviant' subcultures) which conflict to a greater or lesser extent with those of the program.\" Which theory of mass media consumption is Morley using?
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the commercialization of leisure
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A small child asks his babysitter if he can play \"tag.\" The child means the simple outdoor game wherein one player chases the other players until she can \"tag\" one of them with her hand to trade roles. However, the babysitter is confused and goes to the entertainment center to look for a DVD or a video game named \"Tag.\" What phenomenon could be responsible for this confusion?
question
In Mother Night, Kurt Vonnegut writes: \"We are what we pretend to be. . . .\" Darkon [a live-action role-playing game] is made up of hundreds of people who spend the majority of their lives pretending to be high-school students, soldiers back from Iraq, administrative assistants, waiters, project managers, probate lawyers, retail clerks. . . . But Darkon shows them for who they really are: warriors, princesses, magicians, kings and queens.—Grady Hendrix, \"Feel the Sting of My Foam Sword\"
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Recreation and leisure are sometimes seen as minor and unimportant topics. Which of the following quotations helps to explain why there is a whole chapter in the text devoted to recreation and leisure?
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only the wealthy
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In the past, which group of people had the time and resources necessary to pursue recreational activity?
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They can eventually lead to a greater degree of involvement with the community.
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What did the sociologist Dr. Kerry Ferris conclude about lifestyle enclaves as a result of her research on Star Trek and soap opera fan clubs?
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slash
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A wildly popular subgenre of fan fiction takes the emotional connection between male \"buddies,\" like Starsky and Hutch or Frodo and Samwise, and turns it into a physically intimate connection, presenting the pair as lovers. What is this called?
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third places
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What do sociologists call locations like neighborhood bars and local cafes where people gather to talk?
question
Our recreation and leisure is mediated by material goods that we seem to \"require\" in order to have fun.
answer
In the early days of country music, there were a number of \"family\" groups, or families who became professional musicians together. This happened so often, in part, because many families made music together for fun. Today, far from singing together, the average family is more likely to have each member put on a pair of headphones and use an mp3 player to listen to music alone. What does this say about contemporary recreation and leisure?
question
the magic bullet model
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The assumption that media consumers automatically accept whatever meaning is in the \"texts\" they consume is called:
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what media does to people; what people do with media
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When sociologists reject the hypodermic needle model, they tend to stop asking ____________ and start asking ____________.
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They bring different interpretive strategies to the experience of listening to Morrissey's music.
answer
The English music star Morrissey got his start in the band The Smiths, singing about radical vegetarianism and bisexuality in the 1980s. He was effeminate, bleak, and sarcastic. Today his fan base has expanded far beyond the disaffected English teenagers who bought his original records. In fact some of his most devoted fans are Hispanics in Southern California. How is it possible that British teenagers in the 1980s and Hispanic Californians can appreciate the same music?
question
the ability of a lifestyle enclave to develop a larger sense of social responsibility
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When a Star Trek fan club raises money for an animal welfare organization that is sponsored by the Star Trek actor William Shatner, what is this evidence of?
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shopping
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What does your textbook cite as the ultimate example of the commercialization of leisure?
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ecotourism.
answer
Today in Zambia, the economy is in serious trouble, and even the tourist industry has suffered. However, there are several plans to develop self-sustaining big game parks, where tourists could come and see indigenous plants and wildlife. This is an example of:
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Many choices are owned by the same company.
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Americans seem to have much more choice about which media to consume than in the past. Why is this choice deceptive?
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Our recreation and leisure is mediated by material goods that we seem to \"require\" in order to have fun.
answer
In the early days of country music, there were a number of \"family\" groups, or families who became professional musicians together. This happened so often, in part, because many families made music together for fun. Today, far from singing together, the average family is more likely to have each member put on a pair of headphones and use an mp3 player to listen to music alone. What does this say about contemporary recreation and leisure?
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a billboard with a famous actress and a slogan on it
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According to the two-step flow model, which of the following would be most likely to sway public opinion concerning the ethical treatment of farm animals?
question
It encouraged them to spend their leisure time in their own homes.
answer
How did the rise of the suburbs affect the way that people used their leisure time?
question
people were paid to write, edit, print, ship, and shelve the book.
answer
Reading a book that you checked out from the library might seem to be an example of a recreational activity that is totally uncommercialized, but it is still directly connected to commercial activity and work because:
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hobbyists
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Make is the first magazine \"devoted to digital projects, hardware hacks, and D.I.Y. inspiration,\" which \"brings the do-it-yourself mindset to all the technology in your life.\" The magazine, and its associated website, help bring ____________ together.
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all of these answers are correct
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When fans of the original Star Trek series edit recorded episodes of the TV show to make it appear that Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock are passionate gay lovers, what are they doing?
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It has made it easier to organize people.
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How has technology enabled the shift from spontaneous to organized recreation?
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democracy
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During the first decade of the twenty-first century, daily newspapers were in trouble all across the country, many having closed and many others poised to do so. This worried some scholars who believed that newspapers are vital for maintaining:
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Recreation is moving inside the home and away from public spaces.
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How are changes in technology changing the nature of recreation?
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There are limits to the number of CDs that you can sell to any one person, but more \"ephemeral\" products like mp3s and downloaded movies can be sold faster and more often.
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Why does it make sense that mp3 players, like iPods, would replace the compact disc in a postmodern economy?
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This is not incorrect, but is somewhat naive.
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Many people assume that the purpose of the media is to supply information, educate, and entertain. Is this true?
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Leisure and recreation absorb so much time, energy, and resources that they must be important.
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Why should leisure not be treated as a minor and unimportant topic?
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Consumers can alter and even invert meanings to suit their own purposes.
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If scholars assume that audiences are active rather than passive, what does this imply about the meaning of media \"texts\"?
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Many choices are owned by the same company.
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Americans seem to have much more choice about which media to consume than in the past. Why is this choice deceptive?
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communitarianism
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The ancient Greeks understood this well: A person who is completely private is lost to civic life. The exclusive pursuit of one's self-interest is not even a good prescription for conduct in the marketplace; for no social, political, economic, or moral order can survive that way. What idea or belief system is being described in
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the decline of public life
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Given the ways that spectatorship has changed in recent years, which of the following trends is it most closely related to?
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they are actively engaged
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What does the uses and gratifications paradigm of media consumption assume about audiences?
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the magic bullet model
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The assumption that media consumers automatically accept whatever meaning is in the \"texts\" they consume is called:
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soccer
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What sport is immensely popular in almost every part of the world EXCEPT the United States?
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all of these answers are correct
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What developments have changed the way that leisure time is used? a. the decline of public life b. the commodification of recreational activities c. the rise of formal organization in recreation
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make it easier to organize people.
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A flash mob is a sudden assembly of strangers in a public place, who usually perform some novel action (clapping for no reason, singing a song together, dancing, etc.) and then rapidly disperse. Although they appear to be spontaneous to outsiders, in reality flash mobs are organized through e-mails, social networking sites, and text messages. This is a good example of how technology can:
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the members of the press
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For whom could celebrity stalking be seen as an obligation?
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communitarianism
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The ancient Greeks understood this well: A person who is completely private is lost to civic life. The exclusive pursuit of one's self-interest is not even a good prescription for conduct in the marketplace; for no social, political, economic, or moral order can survive that way. What idea or belief system is being described in this quote?
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television
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Today leisure is increasingly dominated by ____________, \"the 800-pound gorilla of leisure time.\"
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agenda setting theory
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Every year Project Censored posts a list of the 25 most censored news stories. These stories are \"censored\" not in the sense that the media is legally prohibited from covering them, but rather in the sense that most major media outlets have systematically ignored them and, in the process, determined what the public will think about. What theory explains this?
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ecotourism
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What is the term for vacations that are designed to minimize the environmental impact of a trip as well as the negative impact on local cultures?
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The feeling of public spirit generated in them can strengthen civil society.
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What are the benefits of third places, or hangouts, for society as a whole?
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how rebuilding engines made her feel
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Imagine that you've come across someone rebuilding an engine. Which of the following questions would you need to ask to discover if this was a recreational activity?
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all of these answers are correct
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Which of the following activities is part of a fan's relationship with a celebrity? a. reading celebrity gossip magazines b. attending a book signing or other event c. masterminding a fan-staged encounter with a celebrity d. stalking a celebrity
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The real action online comes from access to the writers, directors, actors, and staff of the shows. Not every creator goes online, of course, or posts online. But when they do—as with Freaks and Geeks, where creators responded regularly to fans on the official Web site during the show's run—it's a jolt of electricity.
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Henry Jenkins argues that, while any piece of media could become the object of textual poaching, some are far more likely to do so. Specifically he argues that textual poaching is most likely when there is a prolonged relationship with a particular narrative universe, which is rich and complex enough to sustain interest over time. This encourages the media to be more attentive to audiences and use the Internet to solicit feedback, as well as to monitor unsolicited fan responses to products. Which of the following is an example of the media using feedback?
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no
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Does Robert Bellah believe that bonds based on shared leisure interests are enough to develop a sense of collective responsibility?
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democracy
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During the first decade of the twenty-first century, daily newspapers were in trouble all across the country, many having closed and many others poised to do so. This worried some scholars who believed that newspapers are vital for maintaining:
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ten percent
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Approximately what percentage of Sports Illustrated stories cover women's lives or accomplishments?
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a nonmainstream individual gaining access to a mass audience.
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Thomas Beatie, a transsexual man who got pregnant, went on the Oprah Winfrey Show and let Oprah's camera crew tape his ultrasound. This is an example of:
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the commercialization of leisure
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A small child asks his babysitter if he can play \"tag.\" The child means the simple outdoor game wherein one player chases the other players until she can \"tag\" one of them with her hand to trade roles. However, the babysitter is confused and goes to the entertainment center to look for a DVD or a video game named \"Tag.\" What phenomenon could be responsible for this confusion? Answer
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relationships between fans and celebrities
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According to John Caughey, what is the contemporary American equivalent of interacting with gods, spirits, or ancestors?
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what media does to people; what people do with media
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When sociologists reject the hypodermic needle model, they tend to stop asking ____________ and start asking ____________.
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audiences are mostly passive
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A sociologist who is concerned that people will uncritically accept political biases in the media they consume probably believes that:
question
The real action online comes from access to the writers, directors, actors, and staff of the shows. Not every creator goes online, of course, or posts online. But when they do—as with Freaks and Geeks, where creators responded regularly to fans on the official Web site during the show's run—it's a jolt of electricity.
answer
Henry Jenkins argues that, while any piece of media could become the object of textual poaching, some are far more likely to do so. Specifically he argues that textual poaching is most likely when there is a prolonged relationship with a particular narrative universe, which is rich and complex enough to sustain interest over time. This encourages the media to be more attentive to audiences and use the Internet to solicit feedback, as well as to monitor unsolicited fan responses to products. Which of the following is an example of the media using feedback?
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only the wealthy
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In the past, which group of people had the time and resources necessary to pursue recreational activity?
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They provide an opportunity for disenfranchised, nonmainstream individuals to be heard.
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Why are blogs, zines, and even daytime talk shows like Montel Williams valuable?
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television
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Today leisure is increasingly dominated by ____________, \"the 800-pound gorilla of leisure time.\"
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no
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Does Robert Bellah believe that bonds based on shared leisure interests are enough to develop a sense of collective responsibility?
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the formalization of recreation
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Little League baseball and other organized community sports are examples of what phenomenon?
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inequality
answer
On the ESPN.com website, men's college basketball is presented as \"college basketball,\" while women's college basketball is called \"women's college basketball\" and shares a web page with women's professional basketball. This is an example of:
question
it has made easier to organize people
answer
How has technology enabled the shift from spontaneous to organized recreation?
question
what media does to people; what people do with media
answer
When sociologists reject the hypodermic needle model, they tend to stop asking ____________ and start asking ____________.
question
communitarianism
answer
The ancient Greeks understood this well: A person who is completely private is lost to civic life. The exclusive pursuit of one's self-interest is not even a good prescription for conduct in the marketplace; for no social, political, economic, or moral order can survive that way. What idea or belief system is being described in this quote?
question
an idioculture
answer
What do sociologists call the customs and values expressed in a particular place and in the interactions of the people who hang out there?
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to avoid outside regulation by the government
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Why would media outlets impose self-censorship?
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It encouraged them to spend their leisure time in their own homes.
answer
How did the rise of the suburbs affect the way that people used their leisure time?
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all of these answers are correct
answer
Which of the following activities is part of a fan's relationship with a celebrity?
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deregulation
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In 1996 Congress passed telecommunications legislation that fundamentally altered the way that the radio business worked, removing most of the barriers that prevented a single company from owning large numbers of stations. What is this called?
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concentration of media power
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Today four companies sell more than 80 percent of the compact discs purchased in the United States, although this fact is not obvious because these four companies have purchased many smaller record labels over the years. What is this called?
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People increasingly spend time with their immediate families or those with whom they have intimate associations.
answer
What does the sociologist Richard Sennett mean when he says that modernity has seen the \"fall of public man\"?
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believing that a fake documentary, or a mockumentary, about a fictional country music star was real and attempting to buy one of his records
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Which of the following could NOT be explained by the uses and gratifications paradigm?
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communitarianism
answer
The ancient Greeks understood this well: A person who is completely private is lost to civic life. The exclusive pursuit of one's self-interest is not even a good prescription for conduct in the marketplace; for no social, political, economic, or moral order can survive that way. What idea or belief system is being described in this quote?
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a lifestyle enclave
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On the third Wednesday of every month, a bar and grill has a \"backgammon night.\" The bar provides backgammon boards and pieces, and a fairly regular group of players come in, share a few drinks, and play backgammon together. What is this an example of?
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what media does to people; what people do with media
answer
When sociologists reject the hypodermic needle model, they tend to stop asking ____________ and start asking ____________.
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each member of an audience is part of a larger interpretive community.
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Stanley Fish argues against older understandings of media and literature, which held that a text is unchanging and universal. But, although he argues that each member of an audience can interpret and so \"create\" a work, he doesn't claim that each audience member has absolute freedom to interpret in unique ways because:
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People increasingly spend time with their immediate families or those with whom they have intimate associations.
answer
What does the sociologist Richard Sennett mean when he says that modernity has seen the \"fall of public man\"?
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concentration
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The information in Figure 13.1 shows how media ____________, where the number of companies producing and distributing particular commodities decreases has occurred.
question
People of different socioeconomic classes have different leisure activities, and dogfighting is not associated with the wealthy.
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In 2007 Michael Vick, star quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons, was arrested and charged with masterminding a dogfighting ring. Many people were shocked to find out that dogfighting still existed, but even more were shocked to find out that a celebrity and millionaire would be involved in it. Why were they shocked?
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someone learning the calculus required to compute the amount and type of fuel needed to power a model rocket that he wants to launch in a park
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Which of the following sounds most like recreation, as your textbook defines it?
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a billboard with a famous actress and a slogan on it
answer
According to the two-step flow model, which of the following would be most likely to sway public opinion concerning the ethical treatment of farm animals?
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decoding the movie differently than it was encoded.
answer
The producers, writers, and actors of Die Hard meant for the audience to root for the protagonist, a blue-collar hero who defeats a team of German terrorists single-handedly. If you met someone who instead was rooting for Hans Gruber, the murderous leader of the terrorists, you could say that she was:
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audiences are mostly passive
answer
A sociologist who is concerned that people will uncritically accept political biases in the media they consume probably believes that:
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relationships between fans and celebraties
answer
According to John Caughey, what is the contemporary American equivalent of interacting with gods, spirits, or ancestors?
question
They tend to remain focused on shared interests rather than on the larger community.
answer
How does Robert Bellah believe that style enclaves are different from \"real communities\"?
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There is increasing contact between people in different areas of the world, but sometimes individuals from the same family spend less time with one another.
answer
How has the Internet changed the way that people use leisure time?
question
Our recreation and leisure is mediated by material goods that we seem to \"require\" in order to have fun.
answer
In the early days of country music, there were a number of \"family\" groups, or families who became professional musicians together. This happened so often, in part, because many families made music together for fun. Today, far from singing together, the average family is more likely to have each member put on a pair of headphones and use an mp3 player to listen to music alone. What does this say about contemporary recreation and leisure?
question
someone learning the calculus required to compute the amount and type of fuel needed to power a model rocket that he wants to launch in a park
answer
Which of the following sounds most like recreation, as your textbook defines it?
question
People who consume the same texts come from similar backgrounds and have similar interpretive frameworks.
answer
If, as Stanley Fish argues, an individual reader interprets a text and thereby gives it meaning, then there are an infinite number of potential meanings for any given text. Why then do so many people interpret things in the same ways?
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increases in industrial productivity and time-saving technologies
answer
What led to the increase in leisure time in the twentieth century?
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the commodification of recreational activities
answer
What is the shift from people making their own fun to people purchasing it as goods and services called?
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through conglomeration and media concentration
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How has the principle of the free press as a voice of the people been watered down since the founders guaranteed it in the Constitution?
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6
answer
The information presented in figure 13.1 shows how ______ media conglomerates dominate the media industries today.
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all of these answers are correct
answer
Spock are passionate gay lovers, what are they doing? a. textual poaching b. subverting the meaning of the original product c. being an active audience d. expressing an ideology very different from the one that the show's producers encoded in the original \"text\"
question
They tend to remain focused on shared interests rather than on the larger community.
answer
How does Robert Bellah believe that style enclaves are different from \"real communities\"?
question
democracy
answer
During the first decade of the twenty-first century, daily newspapers were in trouble all across the country, many having closed and many others poised to do so. This worried some scholars who believed that newspapers are vital for maintaining:
question
Many more types of products will be subject to fashion and will go out of style.
answer
Given what you know about David Harvey and the postmodern economy, how does our society manage to consume all of the additional goods produced as a result of the incredible increases in efficiency?
question
People increasingly spend time with their immediate families or those with whom they have intimate associations.
answer
What does the sociologist Richard Sennett mean when he says that modernity has seen the \"fall of public man\"?
question
believe in the hypodermic needle theory.
answer
Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer believed that \"the triumph of advertising . . . is that consumers feel compelled to buy and use its products even though they see through them.\" If this is all you know about Adorno and Horkheimer, you might conclude that they:
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he commodification of recreational activities
answer
What is the shift from people making their own fun to people purchasing it as goods and services called?
question
the ability of a lifestyle enclave to develop a larger sense of social responsibility
answer
When a Star Trek fan club raises money for an animal welfare organization that is sponsored by the Star Trek actor William Shatner, what is this evidence of?
question
There are limits to the number of CDs that you can sell to any one person, but more \"ephemeral\" products like mp3s and downloaded movies can be sold faster and more often.
answer
Why does it make sense that mp3 players, like iPods, would replace the compact disc in a postmodern economy?
question
antitrust
answer
Some lawyers working for the Justice Department worry that Google is abusing its power and behaving like a monopoly in the way that it charges for ads. If the Justice Department filed a lawsuit, what type of suit would it be?
question
the commercialization of leisure
answer
A small child asks his babysitter if he can play \"tag.\" The child means the simple outdoor game wherein one player chases the other players until she can \"tag\" one of them with her hand to trade roles. However, the babysitter is confused and goes to the entertainment center to look for a DVD or a video game named \"Tag.\" What phenomenon could be responsible for this confusion?
question
spectatorship
answer
In August of 2009, the Newbury Astronomical Society held a \"Twitter Meteorwatch,\" posting photographs of the Perseid meteor shower, as well as \"tweets\" (as short posts on Twitter are called) about what was going on in the night sky as it happened. This represented a remarkable new expansion of:
question
the encoding / decoding model
answer
In his study of British television, The Nationwide Audience, David Morley argued that the success or failure of a television program \"in transmitting the preferred or dominant meaning will depend on whether it encounters readers\" with \"codes and ideologies derived from other institutional areas (e.g. churches or schools) which correspond to and work in parallel with those of the program or whether it encounters readers\" with beliefs \"drawn from other areas or institutions (e.g. trade unions or 'deviant' subcultures) which conflict to a greater or lesser extent with those of the program.\" Which theory of mass media consumption is Morley using?
question
In Mother Night, Kurt Vonnegut writes: \"We are what we pretend to be. . . .\" Darkon [a live-action role-playing game] is made up of hundreds of people who spend the majority of their lives pretending to be high-school students, soldiers back from Iraq, administrative assistants, waiters, project managers, probate lawyers, retail clerks. . . . But Darkon shows them for who they really are: warriors, princesses, magicians, kings and queens.—Grady Hendrix, \"Feel the Sting of My Foam Sword\"
answer
Recreation and leisure are sometimes seen as minor and unimportant topics. Which of the following quotations helps to explain why there is a whole chapter in the text devoted to recreation and leisure?
question
ecotourism
answer
Today in Zambia, the economy is in serious trouble, and even the tourist industry has suffered. However, there are several plans to develop self-sustaining big game parks, where tourists could come and see indigenous plants and wildlife. This is an example of:
question
They bring different interpretive strategies to the experience of listening to Morrissey's music.
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The English music star Morrissey got his start in the band The Smiths, singing about radical vegetarianism and bisexuality in the 1980s. He was effeminate, bleak, and sarcastic. Today his fan base has expanded far beyond the disaffected English teenagers who bought his original records. In fact some of his most devoted fans are Hispanics in Southern California. How is it possible that British teenagers in the 1980s and Hispanic Californians can appreciate the same music?
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They believe that violent and sexual media content has a negative impact on society.
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Why do some argue in favor of increased censorship of the media?
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consumption
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Leisure and work are complementary activities. What links them together?
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decoding the movie differently than it was encoded.
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The producers, writers, and actors of Die Hard meant for the audience to root for the protagonist, a blue-collar hero who defeats a team of German terrorists single-handedly. If you met someone who instead was rooting for Hans Gruber, the murderous leader of the terrorists, you could say that she was:
