Sociology Chapter 11: Family – Flashcards
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the marriage of one man to one woman
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monogamy
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unmarried people living togethe
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cohabitation
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a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives
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incest taboo
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marriage based on characteristics such as age, socioeconomic status, religion, and raced
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homogamy
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marriage with multiple partners
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polygamy
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when the children grow up and leave home and the parents have a hard time adjusting
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empty nest
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a group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption and who often live together and share economic resources
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family
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consists of one or both parents and their children and is the most recognizable family form to people in the United States. In many societies it is embedded in a larger family group
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nuclear family
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a network of people who are related by marriage, birth, or adoption and can be quite large and organized into primary, secondary, and tertiary
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kinship
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marriage between individuals who have different social characteristics
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heterogamy
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the set of that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married individuals
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marriage
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arise when one or both of the marriage partners bring children from their previous marriages into their new family
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blended family
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marriage within one's social category
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endogamy
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marriage outside one's social category
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exogmany
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consists of two or more generations
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extended family
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the nuclear family into which the person is born or adopted. family is composed of individual with siblings and parents
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family of orientation
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the individual, his or her spouse, and their children.
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family of procreation
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an individuals closest relatives (mother, father, sister, brother, spouse, daughter, son)
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primary relatives
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primary relatives of an individuals primary relatives (grandparents, grandchildren, inlaws, uncles and aunts, nephews and nieces)
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secondary relatives
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everyone else in the family (great grandparents, great grandchildren, great-aunts, great uncles, cousins)
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tertiary relatives
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man is permitted to marry more than one woman at a time
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polygyny
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woman is permitted to marry more than one man at a time
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polyandry
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the newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husbands parents
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patrilocality
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the newly married couple is expected to live with or near the wife's parents
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matrilocality
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new married couple is free to set up a residence apart from both sets of parents
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neolocality
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the newly married couple chooses whether they will live near the husbands or wife's parents
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bilocality
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kinship traced through fathers family; property passed from father to son
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patrilineal descent
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kinship traced through mother's family; property passed from mother to daughter
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matrilineal descent
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kinship traced through both parents; property inherited from either side of family
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bilateral descent
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father holds most authority
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patriarchy
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mother holds most authority
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matriarchy
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authority shared between mother and father
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egalitarian
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-regulation of sexual activity -reproduction -socialization -economic and emotion security
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functions of the family
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polygamy
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____ is the more common marital system in preindustrial societies around the world
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kinship
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nuclear families and extended families are often part of a much larger ___ system
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family of procreation
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when a person belonging to a nuclear family marries, this new nuclear family is called ___
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extended families
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in a ___ grandparents, parents, children, uncles, aunts, and cousins may all live in one house or group of houses or even in different countries
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kinship
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in some ___ systems there are close to 200 possible categories of relatives
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higher college enrollments, more geographical mobility, and increased participation of women in the work force.
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what are three reasons that the number of heterogamous marriages in the United States has increased in recent years
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more mothers began working. Day care centers take place of stay at home moms, and fathers began to do more household chores
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how did the distribution of family responsibilities change in the late 1900s
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1) laws governing divorces have become less complicated 2) decrease in economic dependence of women 3) society is more tolerant of divorce 4) people expect more of marriage and are less ready to accept problems
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what are four reasons for high divorce rate in the united states
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-delayed marriage -delayed child bearing and childlessness -dual earner marriages -one parent families -remarriage
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what are five recent trends in marriage and family in the united states
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in the 1890s it was 22 and 26 and in 2000 it was 25 and 26 so it has increased
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how has the median age at first marriage in the united states changed since 1890
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companies with over 50 workers must give 12 weeks unpaid leave to parents of newborns. and those taking care of adoption, sick spouses, children, or parents
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what are the main provisions of the family and medical leave act
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the account for about 25% of the families in the united states with children under the age of 18
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how common are one-parent families in the united states
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higher college enrollments more geographical mobility increased participation of women in the work force
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factors that have contributed to heterogamy
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families in which both husband and wife have jobs
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dual earner families
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couples that are taking care of their children and their parents
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sandwich generation
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the conscious choice to remain childless
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voluntary childlessness
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your nuclear family, family of orientation, and extended family
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your mother is part of
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descent
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which pattern would be most helpful in establishing who inherits the family home
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race
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couples are least likely to marry outside their
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heterogamous
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what kind of marriage results when an older woman marries a younger man
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increased
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since 1970 the number of interracial marriages in the united states has
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40 percent
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about how many marriages in the united states end in divorce
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15 percent
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about what percent of young adults living today will never marry
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establish their careers
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couples generally delay childbearing to
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high levels of education and income
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studies have found that couples who choose to remain childless often have
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divorce
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most one parent families in the united states are the result of
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task overload
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maintaining a home, caring for children, and earning a living often leads to this in one parent families
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secondary relatives
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aunts and uncles are
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marriage
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regardless of how american families are arrange, most families begin with
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single parent families
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women head about 7 out of 10
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cohabitation
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____ or living together outside of marriage is particularly common among the young
