Sociology 200 – Chapter 4
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status
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the social positions a person holds
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the two types of statuses
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ascribed and achieved
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ascribed status
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automatically happens; born into it generally, but always no control
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achieved status
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usually voluntary; something you work to obtain
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status set
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all the statuses a person holds at a given time
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master status
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primary status that defines you
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what is the typical master status in America?
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occupation
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examples of master statuses
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gender, race, surname, disability
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roles
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the social behaviors that a person performs
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role set
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the number of roles attached to a particular status
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role conflict
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conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
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role strain
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tension among the roles connected to a single status
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example of role conflict
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being a parent and having a full-time job; being a student and friend
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example of role strain
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a college professor being friendly but still able to grade fairly
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role exit
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when someone leaves a role
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example of role exit
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helen rose fuchs ebaugh leaving the convent to become a sociology
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range of exes
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the period of time where you have to form a new identity upon role exit
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what 3 factors impact role exit?
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the past influence of a role sometimes creeps back in, self image must be rebuilt, and relationships must be rebuilt or redefined
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thomas theorem
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as men define situations as real, they become real in their consequences
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example of thomas' theorem
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zimbardo
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ethnomethodology
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how we make sense of our reality
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irving goffman's theory
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dramaturgical analysis (all the world is a stage and all its inhabitants but players)
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impression management
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controlling the way certain groups of people or certain individuals view you
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who came up with impression management?
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goffman
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segmented impression management
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the ability to control who knows what about you
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typical female body language
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more emotive, take up less space
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typical male body language
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men mark their territory as power so they take up more space
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why do social conflict people think women are better at picking up on body language?
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generally they're not in positions of power so they need to be able to read the \"master\" or \"boss\" well in order to anticipate reactions
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dramaturgical analysis
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the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance
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presentation of self
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a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others
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goffman's ideas on embarrassment
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people don't like to be embarrassed or see others embarrassed, so tact is essential to save you or others' performance
