Sociology 1301 test 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Education is increasingly important for job seekers due primarily to which of the following factors?
answer
Transition to a post-industrial economy
question
According to some studies, which of the following is characteristic of working-class or low-income child-rearing styles, or accomplishment of natural growth?
answer
Issuing directives rather than explanations
question
What percentage of students who complete high school go on to enroll in a college program?
answer
70
question
First-generation immigrant women typically have _____ birth rates compared to native-born U.S. women, while second-generation typically have _____ birth rates compared to native-born U.S. women.
answer
higher, similar
question
According to Durkheim, as social solidarity _____, anomie _____, and suicide rates _____.
answer
decreases, increases, increase
question
Which of the following would be considered a deviant means to achieve the goal of economic success?
answer
Selling powder cocaine to wealthy businesspeople
question
Which of the following is not one of the types of deviant reactions to strain, as outlined by Merton?
answer
Revolution
question
What percentage of students who enroll in college complete a degree?
answer
46
question
Which of the following would not be considered an example of an international family?
answer
A married woman travels across the Canadian border each day for work
question
Areas that lack places that sell competitively priced, healthy, and fresh food are referred to as
answer
Food deserts
question
A person who lives, works, worships, and is politically active in one nation, while still maintaining strong political, social, religious and/or cultural ties in other nations, is embodying
answer
Transnationalism
question
Which of the following is not an explanation for the growth of inequality?
answer
More women are working, which means there are fewer jobs for men that pay "bread-winner" salaries.
question
According to the Population Reference Bureau, about _____ percent of the Earth's inhabitants live on less than $2.00 a day.
answer
48
question
Which of the following is not a major theoretical perspective used to explain deviance?
answer
Economic
question
Some theorists claimed deviants were _____, throwbacks to primitive early humans.
answer
atavisms
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of a functionalist view of deviance?
answer
Who is and who is not labeled deviant reflects the interests of the ruling class.
question
Physical or sexual abuse committed by one family member against another is referred to as
answer
Domestic violence
question
What of the following is not a characterization of control theory?
answer
The majority of deviant acts are carefully planned.
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of the U.S. official poverty line?
answer
It includes non-cash benefits such as food stamps and public housing vouchers.
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of Émile Durkheim's functionalist perspective on education?
answer
Education produces inequality between people in society.
question
The economic measure that uses international dollars to indicate the amount of goods and services someone could buy in the United States with a given amount of money is known as
answer
Gross national income-purchasing power parity per capita (GNI-PPP)
question
Legal unions that fall short of marriage but provide some state-level legal rights and benefits are referred to as
answer
Civil union.
question
The theory that skull configurations of deviant individuals differ from those of non-deviants is referred to as
answer
Phrenology
question
About _____ percent of Americans live below the official U.S. poverty line.
answer
15
question
Schools were originally established in the United States for which of the following purposes?
answer
Educating children to read biblical literature
question
Prior to _____, middle- and upper-class children attended private schools to be trained for business and education, while lower-class children attended public schools to learn skills and obedience for factory work and farming.
answer
universal public education
question
According to the U.S. Census, the top 20 percent of income earners took in about _____ percent of the total income.
answer
50
question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of deviance?
answer
Is only based on legal judgments, does not include moral stances
question
The theory that people differ not only in their motivation to engage in deviant acts but also in their opportunity to do so is referred to as
answer
Opportunity theory
question
The form of anomie that occurs when a gap exists between the culturally defined goals of a society and the means available to achieve those goals is referred to as
answer
Structural strain
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of a pluralistic society?
answer
Beliefs are stable and unchanging
question
According to Émile Durkheim, what condition occurs when people lose sight of the shared rules and values that give order and meaning to their lives?
answer
Anomie
question
Legal unions that provide a circumscribed spectrum of rights and benefits to same-sex couples are referred to as
answer
Domestic partnership
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of service sector occupations?
answer
They typically offer a "living wage," rather than just a minimum wage.
question
Which of the following studies does not reflect a biological approach, at least in part?
answer
A study that measures the influence of peer groups on deviant activity
question
Merton's idea that when there is a discrepancy between the cultural goals for success and the means available to achieve those goals, rates of deviance will be high is referred to as
answer
Strain theory
question
The official poverty threshold for a family of four in 2011 was about _____.
answer
$23,000
question
Which of the following is not a characteristic of "mass education"?
answer
The transition from an apprentice model to direct instruction in schools
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of Native American families?
answer
Higher value on the individual rather than the collective
question
The transmission of society's norms, values, and knowledge base by means of direct instruction is referred to as
answer
Education
question
An act defined in the law as punishable by fines, imprisonment or both is referred to as
answer
Crime
question
According to some studies, which of the following is characteristic of middle-class child-rearing styles, or concerted cultivation?
answer
Questioning of authority
question
A crime considered so heinous that it is punishable by death is referred to as
answer
Capital offense
question
A society in which access to desirable jobs and social status depends on the posession of a certificate or diploma is referred to as
answer
Credential society
question
Which of the following is not an accurate representation of the relationship between health outcomes and class?
answer
Grocery stores are available in almost all neighborhoods; middle-class people are just more educated about which food choices are the healthiest.
question
An estimated _____ percent of deaf people marry others who share their own language and culture.
answer
85
question
In the United States, which of the following would not be considered to be a normative cultural goal that people strive for?
answer
Maintaining a steady routine, day-to-day
question
Which of the following reasons illustrates a micro level explanation for why education is important?
answer
Median weekly earnings are higher for those with a college education.
question
Any behavior, practice, or condition that results in disapproval, hostility, or sanction if it becomes known is referred to as
answer
Deviance
question
The act of having multiple wives is referred to as
answer
Polygamy
