Sociology 101 Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society
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Socialization
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the individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
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Self
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According to Cooley, the self emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagine how they see us
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Self: According to Cooley
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the tern coined by C.H Cooley about his theory of the social self
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Looking-glass self
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one's sense of agency, action, or power
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I
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the self as perceived as an object by the "I"; the self as one imagines other perceive one. The "me" is the self as a distinct object to be perceived by others
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Me
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someone or something outside of oneself
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other
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an internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings—regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before
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Generalized other
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conformity that is generally accepted between peers
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Peer pressure
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refers to the ways in which you are socialized as an adult. Socialization from children can occur to adults, for example, through technology.
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Adult Socialization
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the process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately, through an intense social process that may take place in a total institution (a more drastic form of adult socialization)
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Resocialization
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an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between usual spheres of daily life, and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority
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Total institution
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Examples may include: the army, boarding school, college, monasteries, prison
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Total Institution examples
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a recognizable social position that an individual occupies
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status
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the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
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role
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Example: you can expect your professor to show up on time, professionally clothed, and prepared for class
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Examples of roles
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the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status. this describes the conflicting demands within the same status
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role strain
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the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining different statuses
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Role conflict
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Role conflict, in comparison to role strain, is the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles in different statuses
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Role conflict. v strain
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all the statuses one holds simultaneously
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Status set
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a status into which one is born into; involuntary status
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Ascribed Status
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one's age, sex, race
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Examples of ascribed status
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a status into which one enters; voluntary status
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Achieved Status
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one's status as a juggler, athlete, drug dealer, peace activist, reality TV show star etc...
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Examples of achieved status
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one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others. These are statuses that overshadow the other statuses
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Master status
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Examples include: being unemployed, being LGBT, being disabled
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Examples of Master Status
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sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as males or females
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Gender Roles
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the years between 18 and the late twenties
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Emerging adulthood
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micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form basic motivations behind people's actions
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Symbolic interactionism
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1. Human beings act towards ideas, concepts, and values on the basis of the meaning that those things have for them 2. These meanings are the products of social interaction in human society 3. These meanings are modified and filtered through an interpretive process that each individual uses in dealing with outward signs
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Three Tenets of Symbolic Interactionism
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the view (advanced by Erving Goffman) of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets.
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Dramaturgical theory
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the esteem in which an individual is held by others
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Face
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literally "the methods of people"; the approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produced a shared social order.
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Ethnomethodology
