Sociology 1-4 – Flashcards
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Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
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All 3 Symbolic interactionism, conflict perspective, and structural functionalism
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According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires
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Framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change.
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Capitalism is becoming the worlds dominant economic system. This is referred to as ?
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globalization of capitalism
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The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were ? and ?
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Aguste Comte and Herbert Spencer
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The social thinker of the 19th Century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was
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Karl Marx
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The Wall Street Journal has declared that the 3 greatest modern thinkers were ? and ? and ?
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Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein
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The university that dominated sociology as an academic discipline when Albion Small headed the department was
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University of Chicago
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The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
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Social integration
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The book published by WEB Du Bois in 1899 that analyzed how African Americans in a major United States city coped with racism
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The Philadelphia Negro
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Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history and is at the core of human society
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Class conflict
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juv police officer, corrections counselor and exec dir or urban redevelopment program
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Applied sociologist
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At the first meeting of the American Sociological Society decided that the primary reason for sociology as the practical application to the improvement of social life was the ......... goal of the disciplines first stage of development
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First
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Robert E Park, Ernest Burgess, and George Herbert Mead have ? in common
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They were among the first faculty members int he sociology department at the University of Chicago
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What was the social even that most influenced Aguste Comte to explore patterns within society and become interested in what holds society together?
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The French Revolution
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Sociologist who analyze how social life depends on the way people define themselves and others are most likely
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Symbolic Interactionists
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The term survival of the fittest, which is a principle part of the concept of social Darwinism was coined by.....
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Herbert Spencer
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People all over the world, including college students, are breaking down national boundaries because of advances in communications, trade, and travel. This is referred to as
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Globalization
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What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?
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First woman to hold a presidential cabinet position
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Outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as cofounder of Hull House and a co winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
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Jane Addams
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The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the >>>>>>>> and >>>>>
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Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
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Sociology first took root as an academic discipline at >>>>>>> in 1890
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University of Kansas
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Society in America, an analysis of American social customs was published by
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Harriet Martineau
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What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?
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value neutrality
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According to Roberty Merton, ?? are the intended beneficial consequences of peoples actions
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manifest functions
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Which group of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society
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Conflict Theorists and Structural Functionalists
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The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were ?? and ??
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Aguste Comte and Herbert Spencer
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Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely .....
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Symbolic interactionists
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according to Max Weber, the Protestant Ethic was a central factor in the birth of
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capitalism
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Movement of Maytag and other industries from midwest to mexico, changing lives of 1000's of people is ?? analysis?
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Macro=level
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The contemporary conflict sociologist who pointed out that conflict is most likely to develop among people in close relationships was
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Lewis Coser
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College students being classified as students instead of unemployed represents what Merton would describe as>>>
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Latent Function
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The scientific method requires???, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings
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Replication
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French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?
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Social Integration
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The social science discipline that concentrates on the study of artifacts, social structure, ideas, values and forms of communication is
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Anthropology
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The first goal of each scientific discipline is to >>>>
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Explain why something happens
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What is the use of objective and systemic observation to test theories?
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Scientific method
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Anthropologist who gathered data on hundreds of groups around the world to compare their customs, and then concluded that specific customs differed from one group to another
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George Murdock
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Examples if countercultures
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Bikers in outlaw mc club, indiv advocating the legalization of prostitution, gang members operating in prison
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HS students recognized most talented athletes and scholars illustrate importance that americans place on which value defined by Robin Williams
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Achievement and Success
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Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations
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Cultural lag
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3 terms that are interchangable
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Sociobiology neo-Darwinism Evolutionary Psychology
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3 statements that describe gestures
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Gestures rely on use of the body to communicate People in every part of the world use gestures Gestures meaning may change completely from one custure to another
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Sick Societies by Robert Edgerton proposed that cultures should be evaluated on their quality of life not just auto accepted which is contrary to
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Cultural Relativism
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis they studied the Hopi Indians and concluded that language has embedded within its ways of looking at the world
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Language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
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Eating dog that she was playing with earlier in the day and becoming ill
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Culture shock
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Group is distictive way of looking at life but has same values and norms as the dominant culture of society it is considered.....
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Subculture
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The spread of cultural traits from one group to another; material and non material cultural traits
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Cultural diffusion
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the process by which cultures become similar to one another; refers especially to the process by which Western culture is being exported and diffused into other nations
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Cultural leveling
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Christian College girls on vacation auditioning for girls gone wild video
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Moral holiday
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group whose values, beliefs, norms and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture
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Counterculture
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5 interrelated values in American Society
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Leisure Self fullfillment physical fitness youthfulness environmental concern
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Society made up of many different groups
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Pluralistic society
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Norms that are not strictly enforced
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folkways
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norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well being of the group
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mores
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norm so strong that it brings extreme sanctions, even revulsion, if violated
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Taboo
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Expectations of right behavior
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Norms
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expressions of approval or disapproval
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Sanctions
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reward or positive reaction to a norm
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positive sanction
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dissapproval for breaking a norm
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negative sanctions
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standards by which people define what is desireable or undesirable, superior or inferior etc
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Values
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in psychoanalytic theory, the culture within us is represented by
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superego
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The stage of development called transitional adulthood between 18 and 29
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adultolescence
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The Harlow experiment concluded as being the key to infant-mother bonding....
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Intimate social contact
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Football coach as a very important influence
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generalized others
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Society makes us human
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Socialization
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Right of passage
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Degradation Ceremony
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Technique created by Freud for the treatment of emotional problems through long-term, intensive exploration of the subconscious mind is referred to as
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psychoanalysis
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Use of rhesus monkeys to demonstrate the importance of intimate physical contact in the rearing of animal was done by
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Harry and Margaret Harlow
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3 year old not knowing what the numbers actually mean
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Preoperational stage
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Mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as
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I
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Jean Piaget's use of the term "operational" is most aligned with the concept of
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reasoning skills
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male and fem kids getting boy and girls toys
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gender socialization
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Nature vs Nurture arguement regarding socialization, nurture refers to
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social environment
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Arrived at boot camp, degradation ceremony and come under control of the officials
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total institution
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People and groups that influence our orientation to life-- our self concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors-- are called
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agents of socialization
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Kohlbergs theory of moral development, stage that child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs to be satisfied is the ...... stage
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amoral
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