Sociology 1 – Flashcards
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Sociology
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The systematic study of human society.
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Sociological Perspective
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Seeing the general in the particular. -seeing the general patterns in the behavior of particular people.
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Global Perspective
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Studying the larger world and our society's place in it refers to taking a______ ______.
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High-income
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_______ Countries are the richest nations with the highest overall standards of living.
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Middle-income
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The world's _______ countries are nations with a standard of living about average for the world as a whole.
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Low-income
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About half of the worlds populations live in the sixty _______ countries, nations with a low standard of living in which most people are poor.
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positivism
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A way of understanding based on science is known as _______.
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Theory
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A _______ is a statement of how and why specific facts are related.
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Theoretical approach
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A _____ _____ is a basic image of society that guides thinking and research.
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Structural functional
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The ______ _____ approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
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Social structure
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The term ____ _______ refers to any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
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Social functions
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The consequences of any social pattern for operation of society refer to _____ ______.
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Manifest functions
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_____ _____ are recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
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Latent functions
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_____ _____ are consequences that are largely unrecognized and unintended .
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Social dysfunctions
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A social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society refers to _____.
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Social conflict
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The _____ approach is a framework for building the theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.
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Gender conflict
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The _____ approach is a point of view that focuses inequality and conflict between men and women.
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Feminism
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_____ refers to the support of social equality for women and men.
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Race conflict
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The _____ refers to a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.
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Macro-level
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A _____Orientation refers to a broad focus on social structures that shape society.
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Micro-level
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A _____ Orientation refers to a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations.
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Symbolic interaction
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The _____ approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.
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science
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_____ is a logical system that develops knowledge on direct, systematic observation.
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Positivist sociology
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_____ is the study of society based on scientific observation of social behavior.
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Empirical evidence
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_____ is information we can verify with our senses.
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Concept
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A ______ is a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form.
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Variables
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A _____ is a concept whose values changes from case to case.
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Measurement
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A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case is known as ______.
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Reliability
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____ refers to consistency in measurement.
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Validity
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_____ refers to measuring exactly what you intend to measure.
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Correlation
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A _____ refers to a relationship by which 2 or more variables change together.
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Cause and effect
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A relationship in which change in one variable (the independent variable) causes change in another (the dependent variable known as ____ ____ ____.
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Interpretive sociology
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_____ ______ is the study that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world.
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Critical sociology
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_____ _____ is the study of society that focuses on the need for social change.
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Gender
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In recent years sociologist have became aware of the fact that research is affected by _____ , the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
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Research method
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A ____ ____ is a systematic plan for doing research.
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Survey
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A research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions in a a questionnaire or interview is called a ______.
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Experiment
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A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions refers to an ______.
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Participant observation
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_____ _____ is a research method by which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities.
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Stereotype
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_______ refers to exaggerated descriptions applied to every person in some category.
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False
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One sociological insight is that when it comes to love and most other dimensions of our lives, the decisions we make result from what philosophers call a free will.
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True
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The middle income countries of the world are primarily found in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and much of Asia.
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True
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A new industrial economy, the growth of cities and new idea about democracy and political freedoms are identified a factors that helped people to view the world sociologically.
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True
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A theory is a statement of how and why specific facts are related.
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False
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Latent functions refer to social processes that appear on the surface to be functional for society, but in actually are detrimental.
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True
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The symbolic interactionist approach presents society less in terms of abstract generalization and more as everyday experiences.
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True
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Max Weber said that people doing scientific research must strive to be vale free.
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True
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Androcentricity refers to approaching an issue from a male perspective.
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Surrounding society effects our actions, thoughts, and feelings
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What is an essential "wisdom" of sociology?
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sociologist work to avoid the assumption that human behavior is simply a matter of what people decide to do
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The sociological perspective involves "seeing the strange in the familiar". Which of the following phrases provides the best meaning of this?
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Emile Durkheim
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Which sociologist, in a systematic empirical study, linked the incidence suicide to the degree of social integration of different categories of people?
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A low standard of living in which most people are poor
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Low-income countries are described as nations with......
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many problems that we face in the US are not found in other societies
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Which of the following is not identified as a reason a global perspective is so important?
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Auguste Comte
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The term sociology was coined in 1838 by ________?
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Scientifically
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According to Auguste Comte, the key to understanding society was to look at it __________?
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science
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Positivism is the idea that _____, rather than any other type of human understanding, is the path to knowledge.
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A theoretical Approach
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A basic "image" of society that guides thinking and research is the definition for _________
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Social structure
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Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior refers to ________
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Latent functions
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Consequences of social structure that are largely unrecognized and unintended are called?
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Emphasizing the functional value of social change, while ignoring the integrative qualities of different social institutions
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Structural-functionalism has been criticized for____________________
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Social conflict approach
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Which theoretical perspective is best suited for analysis using a macro-level orientation?
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Symbolic interactions
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The questions "How is society experienced?" and "How do individuals attempt to shape the reality perceived by others?" are most likely asked by a researcher following which theoretical approach?
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Sociology make generalizations about categories of people. Sociologist base their generalizations on research. Sociologist strive to be fair minded.
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Sociology is not involved in stereotyping because ________
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Global perspective
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The study of the larger world and our society's place in it is?
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Theory
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A statement of how and why specific facts are related is called?
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Structural-functional approach
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A framework for building theory based on the assumption that society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity, and stability.
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Social structure
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Relatively stable patterns of social behavior
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Social conflict approach
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A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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Concept
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A mental construct that represents an aspect of the world, inevitably in a somewhat simplified way.
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Spurious Correlation
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An apparent, although false relationship between 2 or more variables caused by some other variable.
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Objectivity
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A state of personal neutrality in conducting research.
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Sociology
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The systematic study of human society is the general definition for _______
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Integration
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Emile Durkheim reasoned that the variation in suicide between different categories of people had to do with social _____
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High
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The United States, Canada, and most of nations of Western Europe are classified in terms of economic development as being the _____ -income countries
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Shaping, interconnected, serious, ourselves
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Important reasons for taking a global perspective include: where we live makes a great difference in _____ our lives, societies around the world are increasingly _____, many human problems that we face in the United States are far more ______, elsewhere and it is a good way to learn more about _______.
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industrial, cities, political
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3 changes are especially important to the development of sociology in Europe during the 19th century, including: a new _____ economy, a growth of _______, and ______ change.
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Correlation
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_______ refers to two variables that vary together, such as the extent of crowding and juvenile delinquency.
