Socialogoy – Flashcards
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The systematic study of human society
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sociology
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Seeing the general patterns in the behavior of particular people
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Sociological perspective
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When you're using sociological perspective
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Seeing "the strange in the familiar"
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A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
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The structural Functional approach
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any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
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Social structure
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any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society.
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Social dysfunction
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A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
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The social conflict approach
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a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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The symbolic Interaction approach
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The study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world
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Interpretive sociology
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The study of society that focuses on the need for social change
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Critical sociology
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The ways of thinking, ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people's way of life.
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Culture
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culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
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Values
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Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
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Mores
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norms for routine or casual interaction
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Folkways
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Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
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Subcultures
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The Practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
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Ethnocentrism
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Culture is shaped by a society's system of economic production
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Marxist analysis of U.S culture
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Explains culture as a complex strategy for meeting human needs.
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Structural-functional analysis
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Draws attention to the link between culture and inequality
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Social conflict analysis
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The double standard exists around the world because women and men everywhere tend toward distinctive reproductive strategies
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Sociobiology approach to culture sexual "double standard"
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People develop their human potential and learn culture
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Socialization
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Behavior is not instinctive but learned
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Theory of Behaviorism
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Complete isolation for six months disturbed the monkies development. When returned to their group, these monkies were passive, anxious and fearful
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Harlows' research on the rhesus monkey
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Humans have two basic needs or drives that are present at birth
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An idea in Freud's thinking that has special importance to sociology is his assertion that....
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How we think others see us
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Cooley's "Looking glass"
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Seeing ourselves as others see us
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Mead's "taking role of the other"
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widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves
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Mead's "generalized self"
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radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully changing the environment
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Resocialization
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Institutions have three important characteristics. Staff members watch over the inmates, life is controlled, inmates are told where and when to go somewhere
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Goffman's description of the resocialization process
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an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex
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Sexual orientation
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people whose bodies have both male and female parts
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Intersexed people
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people who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are the other
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Transsexual people
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frequency of sexual activity varies widely in the U.S. married people have the reports of the highest level of satisfaction
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Laumann's study of sexual patterns among US adults
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Biology
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The weight of evidence indicates that sexual orientation is caused mostly by....
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Discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual
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Homophobia
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The selling of sexual services.
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Prostitution
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Knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will
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Rape
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...
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Campus culture of "hooking up"
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How people interact, they construct everyday reality.
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Symbolic interaction approach to sexuality
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A body of research findings that challenges the heterosexual bias in U.S society
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Queer theory
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attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior
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Social control
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People's opportunities can encourage both deviance and conformity
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Merton's stain theory
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Neglected by society, the create a subculture that defines as worthy the traits these youths have
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Deviant subcultures
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The transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition
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Medicalization of deviance
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who or what is labeled "Deviant" depends on which categories people hold power in a society
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Social-conflict approach to deviance
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...
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Justifications for punishing an offender
