Social Studies 6.1, 6.2,6.3 – Flashcards
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The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems was the... -intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
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Enlightenment
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The willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society was called the
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social contract
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The English philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty and property was -he proposed that a gov. power comes from the consent of the citizens and that the citizens have the right to rebel againt unjust rulers "ALL MEN ARE CREATED FREE AND EQUAL"
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john locke
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the group of social critics in Enlightenment France were called
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philosophes
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Brilliant French satirist who frequently targeted the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government was -promoted freedom of speech "I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it"
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Voltaire
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An influential French writer who wrote that "Power should be a check to power" was -French writer who proposed the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances in gov't
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Baron de Montesquieu
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French philosophe Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that the best form of government would be a
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direct democracy
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Women's contributions to the Enlightenment included all of the following except
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running for office
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Explain the differences between the geocentric theory of the universe and the heliocentric theory.
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heliocentric- earth moved around sun Geocentric-sun traveled around the earth
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What are two factors that contributed to the rise of a Scientific Revolution in Europe in the mid-1500s?
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-Exploration, Protestant reformation--encouraged more questions -Printing Press--speeding of ideas
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How did Galileo's work come into conflict with the Church, and how was the conflict resolved?
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he was challenging the legal authority of the church. They forced him to recant his theory and he then lived under house arrest for the rest of his life, til death
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List three new scientific instruments that were invented as a result of the Scientific Revolution?
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Printing press, telescope, microscope, barometer, thermometer
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Geocentric theory
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Aristotle's earth-centered theory of the universe
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Scientific Revolution
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A new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs.
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Heliocentric theory
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Copernicus's sun-centered theory on the universe
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Italian scientist whose findings in the field of astronomy supported Copernicus's theory -father of modern science
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Galileo Galilei
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A logical procedure for gathering and testing scientific ideas
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scientific method
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English scientist who explained the law of gravity "apple tree"
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Isaac Newton
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Russian empress who was considered and enlightened despot
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Catherine the Great
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Early proponent of women's rights
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Under the influence of the Enlightenment, the grand, ornate style in European art known as baroque gave way to a simple, elegant style that was based on classical Greek and Roman ideas and was called
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Neoclassical
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Thomas Hobbes called the agreement by which people create a government the
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social contract
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special section of the church to find heretics and put them on trial
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Inquisition
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heretics
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people teaching ideas against official church teachings
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jesuits
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a group of priests, well-educated
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"Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains", social contract, philosophe
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Jean-Jacques Roussea
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What is another name for the Enlightenment? When did it occur?
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"age of reason" mid 1600s-1700s
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Enlightenment ideas inspired revolutions in what two countries?
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France and America
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What two men are considered fathers of the Enlightenment?
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Rene Descartes and Voltaire
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According to Locke, where do governments get their power.
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The people =life liberty and property
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Voltaire wanted to protest freedom of
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speech
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Montesquieu wanted to keep balence in gov't by separating power into three branches
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Legislative, Executive, Judicial
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What did most philosophers want to keep separate from gov't?
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Religion
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What do deists believe?
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God doesn't intervene with out life. He put us on this earth and left us alone to do our own thing
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How did the Enlightenment influence life in America?
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Our countries government is based on our philosophers ideas. People give up some freedom and power and in return, They get a written set of laws, security and services.
