Social Psychology Review – Flashcards
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A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.
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personality traits; assigned roles
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he tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to over estimate the impact of personal disposition.
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why
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you failed a test
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central route persuasion is most likely when people are
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analytical
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Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will a) experience a substantial loss of self-esteem. b) develop an increasing dislike for his brother. c) experience a sense of deindividuation. d) develop a great sense of admiration and respect for his brother.
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b
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After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on attitudes.
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role-playing
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During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets, Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory
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The chameleon effect involves
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automatic mimicry
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conformity is best described as
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adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard
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Naseeb disagrees with his classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Naseeb is MOST likely to conform to his classmates' opinion if he
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believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position
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Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying
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social inequalities
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verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of
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aggression
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Svetlana, a 16-year-old high school senior, is beautiful. Research suggests that she is likely to ________ than less attractive high school girls.
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be perceived as more socially skilled
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Priming people with a flashed Black face rather than a flashed White face makes them more likely to misperceive a flashed tool as a gun. This best illustrates the subtle character of
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implicit racial associations
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The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as
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companionate love
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Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of
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role-playing on attitudes
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If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of
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group polarization
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Accepting others' opinions about reality is to ___ as the desire to gain approval is to ___.
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informational social influence; normative social influence
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The just-world phenomenon often leads people to
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believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer
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Conformity resulting from the acceptance of others' opinions about reality is said to be a response to
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informational social influence
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Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)
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increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours
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Which of the following processes most obviously operates in groupthink?
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group polarization
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Darley and Latané observed that most university students failed to help a person having an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students' failure to help is best explained in terms of
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their feeling of limited responsibility
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Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packaged room. This is best explained in terms of
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social facilitation
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One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'
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limited visual perspective
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Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of
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a social trap
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Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal on a murder trial. To influence the majority, he should
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be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint
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People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as
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the bystander effect
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If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this would be considered to illustrate
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implicit prejudice
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The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Miligram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of
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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
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In an experiment by Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to compete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to
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passionate love
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The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as
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social loafing
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A social trap is a situation in which
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the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm
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Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of
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visual perception
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The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ___ one another
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think about, influence, and relate to
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Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of
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a dispositional attribution
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Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding
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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
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Initially prejudiced heterosexuals are likely to develop more accepting attitudes toward homosexuals following the experience of
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face-to-face contact
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In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when
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they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures
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Social psychologists have arranged for people to drop coins or pencils in elevators in order to study
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the bystander effect
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Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of
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aggression
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In investigating the impact of physical arousal on passionate love, Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron arranged for an attractive woman to briefly interact with men who had recently
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crossed a swaying footbridge
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If poverty causes high rates of crime, the high crime rates can be used to justify discriminations against those who live in poverty. This best illustrates
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the blame-the-victim dynamic
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According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by
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calculations of costs and benefits
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A sincere word of apology often helps to reduce the tension between two conflicting parties. This best illustrates the value of
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conciliation
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Ostracism has been observed to intensify
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aggression
