Social Psychology by David Myer Chapter 13 Conflict & Peacemaking
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Jigsaw Technique
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A collaborative group activity. Involving a task which provides a shared goal. A key requirement is that the goal can't be reached individually. - people have to work together to achieve it: each has a key piece of information, like pieces of a jigsaw.
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conflict
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A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
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peace
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A condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial relationships
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social trap
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a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. Examples include the prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons.
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tragedy of the commons
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situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community
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non-zero-sum games
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games in which outcomes need not sum to zero. With cooperation, both can win; with competition, both can lose. aka mixed-motive situatiions
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mirror-image perceptions
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Reciprocal views of one another often held by parties in conflict; for example, each may view itself as moral and peace-loving and the other as evil and aggressive
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equal-status contact
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Contact on an equal basis. Just as a relationship between people of unequal status breeds attitudes consistent with their relationship, so do relationships between those of equal status. Thus, to reduce prejudice, interracial contact should idealy be between persons equal in status.
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superordinate goals
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are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
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rattlers and eagles
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Muzafer Sherif
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bargaining
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seeking an agreeent to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties
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mediation
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an attempt by a third party to resolve a conflict by facilitating communication and offering suggestions
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arbitration
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resolution of a conflict by a neutral third party who studies both sides and imposes a settlement
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integrative agreements
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win-win agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit
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GRIT
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Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. Charles Osgood
