Social Psych exam 3 – Flashcards

disappear; self-sacrifice would produce fewer offspring

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A man; the situation calls for an act of chivalry.

kin selection

when the benefits outweigh the costs

social exchange theory

their personality....the particular situation in question

malika and alicia are both likely to help, but for different reasons

altruism

people in a good mood are more likely to help

reciprocity

either gender might be more helpful, depending on the help needed

prosocial

the empathy altruism hypothesis

84

reducing social inhibitions and restraints

these are peak reproductive years

an optional strategy dependent on one's culture and circumstances

not inviting someone to a party

think drink

hostile

the intention to cause harm to or pain in another

the diffuse tension by having sex

aggressive instincts can be modified through experience

simply a complex social world

feelings

patriarchal; ambivalence

it is a gross overgeneralization

lower self-esteem

prejudice

Kevin feels mistrustful of and uncomfortable around people from the Middle East

an overgeneralized based on thoughts about a particular group

behavioral

Mitch believes that women are seductive, dishonest, and not to be trusted.

Self-fulfilling prophecy is when once you have an idea in your head that you are expected to see or find, you will only see those things because you are looking for them.

doing something for others and expecting something in return

doing something for the sake of generosity and not expecting a reward

more likely to help out because youve lived somewhere for so long

more people around, less likely to help; less people around, feel responsible so you're more likely to help

1. in a rural setting, people are more likely to help; compared to a city, people are less likely to help 2. if you are closer to someone, you are also more likely to help someone (altruism) (family members, best friends etc.)

it does not explain the behavior of altruism

the idea that behaviors help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection? From research: people are more likely to help genetic relationships than non-relative.

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future. (you help me, I help you)

helping a younger persons development to benefit the future generations

when we feel empathy for a person, we will help that person for altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

1. 84% of people who found the coin helped the people who lost all of the papers 2. 4% who did not find the coin helped people who lost all of their papers

1. makes us look on the bright side 2. prolongs good moos 3. increase self-attention

1. the idea that people help in order to alleviate their sadness and distress

bystanders assume nothing is wrong in emergency because no one else is concerned

behavior aimed at doing harm or cause pain to someone else

aggression from feelings of anger and aimed at hurting someone else

aggression at some other goal other than causing pain (playing a sport)

"Innate vs. learned" The cat refused either to chase of kill the rat, the behavior was not confined to this one - fails to prove that aggressive behavior not instinctive in cats, but early experience can override it. If one shows isolation before being introduced to other animals, it will show aggression towards others.

in any hot, humid, air polluted areas. Homicide rates are higher in southern most areas (particularly white males, this group endorses violence for protection).

more physical

more relational, gossip, back-biting, false rumors

they both respond to provocation

49%

8 out of 10 males

1. reduces inhibitions 2. disrupts information processing 3. the "think drink" effect: expectations about the effects of alcohol influence behavior more than amount of alcohol drunk

when you are frustrated ( the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal) increases the probability of obtaining a response

the children who were not prevented from playing with toys did not show any aggression, rather than the children who were prevented from playing showed aggression

we learn social behavior from aggression to altruism, in a large part of observing others and imitating them.

the children imitated the aggressive adults behavior and treated the doll in (almost) the exact same ways. The children who did not see the aggressive adult in action never unleashed any aggression towards the doll.

1. increases aggressive, angry, hostile thoughts; increases arousal and triggers to imitate violent characteristics 2. people become desensitized to violence, they are indifferent, and it triggers to imitate the behavior

1. watching more TV violence in childhood -- more violent behavior in adolescence 2. 700 families over 17 years; the amount of time spent watching TV during adolescence and early adulthood was strongly related to the likelihood of later committing violent acts against others (like assault)

1 in 4 women are raped

85% of all rape victims are acquaintance rapes

blaming the victim - empathy is absent, serves as a Self-protective function; thinking "this can't happen to me, wouldn't behave that way."

controlling, narcassistic

an emotional reaction (positive or negative) towards a specific group. If someone is prejudiced against black people, we mean that he or she is primed to behave coolly or with hostility toward them and that they feel they are all the same

a generalization about a group of people, where certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of the actual variation among the members

ways of behaving socially that we learn from our culture

unjustified negative or harmful action towards the members of a group simply because of their membership with that group ex. female applying to a male dominated job, and not getting it because shes a female

slights, indignities and put downs directed at minorities and people with disabilities 1. a women talking to a group of men and being ignored 2. "you speak english very well" to an asian student 3. "you're a credit to your race" to a black person who talks well

is society believes that a particular group is stupid, uneducable, it will act in accordance

victim of prejudice may internalize stereotypes; their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype (women are bad at math, so they do worse on a test)

practices that discriminate minorities, of ethnicity, gender, sex, culture, age. If someone grows up in a society where few minority members and women have professional careers, the likelihood of developing certain negative attitudes will increase.

racists attitudes held by people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm. Ex. Saying that black people don't belong in college or universities

sexist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm. ex. saying that men should not be nurses

When race is involved, students who believed their ability was not being measured, there was no difference in test scores. When students were told that the test was to measure their ability, African Americans scored worse than Whites, stating that when race is salient there is a decrease in performance from minorities

putting some people into one group based on certain characteristics and other into another group based on their different characteristics

when you are in the in group, you have positive feelings and special treatment for people. Dressing alike, emblems, looking alike also.

makes people feel btter, better self-esteem

Outsiders believe "they" are all alike. Saying that a different race all looks alike

making dispositional attributions about an entire group of people - claiming that one group acts a certain way and sticking to your belief

ingroup...outgroup

People in collectivist cultures are less likely to help "out-group" members than are people in individualist cultures

sense of obligation to intervene

help is implemented

praise Bobby for being a "helpful person" when he is especially helpful to others

barely sufficient rewards for prosocial acts.....self-attributions as "kind" and "helpful"