SOCI 101 Chapter 1
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Sociology
answer
the systematic study of human society.
question
Sociological Perspective
answer
seeing the general in the particular. Sociologists look for general patterns in the behavior of particular people.
question
Global Perspective
answer
the study of the larger world and out society's place in it.
question
Enclosure Movement
answer
they fenced off more and more farmland to create grazing area for sheep, the source of wool for the thriving textile mills. Without land, countless tenant farmers had little choice but to head to the cities in search of work in the new factories.
question
Theory
answer
a statement of how and why specific facts are related. In deciding what theory to use, sociologists face 2 basic questions: 1. what issues should we study? 2. how should we connect the facts?
question
Theoretical Approach
answer
a basic image of society that suites thinking and research.
question
Structural-Functional Approach
answer
one of the major theoretical approaches; a frame work for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
question
Social Structure
answer
any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
question
Social Function
answer
the consequences of a social pattern for the operation of society as a whole.
question
Manifest Functions
answer
the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
question
Latent Functions
answer
the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern.
question
Social Dysfunction
answer
any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society.
question
Social-Conflict Approach
answer
a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. This approach highlights how factor (i.e. race, class, ethnicity, gender, and age) are linked in terms of money, power, education, and social prestige.
question
Gender-Conflict Theory
answer
(feminist theory) the study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between men and women.
question
Feminism
answer
support of social equality for women and men.
question
Race-Conflict Theory
answer
the study of society that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.
question
Symbolic-Intergration Approach
answer
a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals.
question
Macro-level Orientation
answer
a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole. Shared by structural-functional approach and the social-conflict approach.
question
Micro-level orientation
answer
a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations.
question
Social-Exchange Analysis
answer
the idea that interaction is guided by what each person stands to gains and lose from others.
question
Positivist Sociology
answer
the study of society base on scientific observation of social behavior. Positivist research discovers facts through the use of science, a logical system that develops knowledge from direct, systematic observation. Sometimes called empirical sociology because it is based on empirical evidence, which is info. we can verify with out senses.
question
Concept
answer
a basic element of science; a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form.
question
Variable
answer
a concept whose values changes from case to case.
question
Measurement
answer
a procedure for determining the values of a variable in a specific case.
question
Reliability
answer
consistency in measurement.
question
Validity
answer
actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure.
question
Correlation
answer
a relationship in which 2 (or more) variables change together.
question
Cause and Effect
answer
a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another. [cause = independent; effect = dependent ]
question
Interpretive Sociology
answer
the study of society that focuses on discovering the meanings people attach to their social world. Goal=discovering what people mean by what they do.
question
Critical Sociology
answer
the study of society that focuses on the need for social change. Rather than asking \"How much inequality is there (positivist)?\"; critical sociologists ask moral and political questions, such as, \"Should we have this much inequality?\" or \"Should society exist in its present form?\"
question
Gender
answer
the personal traits and social positions that members of society attach to being female or male.
question
Research Method
answer
a systematic plan for doing research.
question
Experiment
answer
a research method for investigation cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
question
Survey
answer
a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions on a questionnaire or in an interview. This is the most widely used os all research methods.
question
Participant Observation
answer
a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routines. At the beginning, most researchers do not have specific a hypotheses in mind.
