Soc. Exam 2 Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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Structural-Functionalist Perspective
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Education serves 4 important functions: (Instruction, Socialization, Sorting individuals into various statuses, Custodial care)
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Conflict Perspective
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Educational institution solidifies class positions and allows the elite to control the masses. Quality education and educational opportunities are not equally distributed. Education provides indoctrination into the capitalist ideology. Cultural Imperialism. Education perpetuates racial inequality. Gross inequalities between poor districts and middle-and upper-class districts. chools in poor districts have inadequate facilities, materials, and personnel.
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Cultural Imperialism
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Indoctrination into the dominant culture of a society.
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Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
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Concerned with the individual and small-group issues in education. Teacher-student interactions, Student self-esteem, Self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Self-Fulfillung Prophecy
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Occurs when people act in a manner consistent with the expectations of others. Rosenthal and Jacobson experiment.
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Rosenthal and Jacobson experiment
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Five random elementary school students were labeled as having superior intelligence and ability. Teachers expected them to do well and treated them in a way that encouraged better school performance.
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Socioeconomic Status
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One of the best predictors of educational success and attainment.
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Head Start
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Begun in 1965 to help preschool children from the most disadvantaged homes. Provides an integrated program of health care, parental involvement, education, and social services for qualifying children.
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Early Head Start
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A program for infants and toddlers from low-income families. Participating children perform significantly better in cognitive, language, and social-emotional development than their peers who do not participate.
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Bilingual Education
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In the United States, teaching children in both English and their non-English native language. Results in better academic performance of minority students. Critics argue that it limits minority students and places them at a disadvantage when they compete outside the classroom.
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School Desegregation
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In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregated education was unconstitutional because it was inherently unequal.
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Intergration Hypothesis
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A theory that the only way to achieve quality education for all racial and ethnic groups is to desegregate the schools.
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Education and Gender in the US
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In 1833 Oberlin College in Ohio became the first college in the U.S. to admit women. Female students at Oberlin were required to wash male students' clothes, clean their rooms, and serve their meals and were forbidden to speak at public assemblies.
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Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
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States that no person shall be discriminated against on the basis of sex in any educational program receiving federal funds.
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Dropout Prevention Programs
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Successful programs share five common elements: Mentoring, Family Involvement, Curricular Reform, Contending With Out-Of-School Problems.
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Bullying
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Inherent in a relationship between individuals, groups, or individuals and groups, bullying entails an imbalance of power that exists over a long period of time in which the more powerful intimidate or belittle others.
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Cyber-Bullying
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The use of electronic devices (e.g. websites, e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging) to send or post negative or hurtful messages or images about an individual or a group.
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Teacher Turnover is Problematic
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First, newer teachers are less experienced and often less effective. Second, teacher turnover contributes to a lack of continuity in programs and educational reforms. Finally, recruiting and training expenses in addition to the time and effort devoted to replacing teachers who have left the profession is considerable.
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No Child Left Behind of 2001
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Signed into law in January 2002. The federally funded plan was organized around four principles: accountability for learning outcomes, flexibility in funding, expanding school options for parents, and the use of sound teaching methods, including the use of only "highly qualified" teachers in the classroom by 2006. However, soon after the act was signed, it became clear that the implementation of NCLB was problematic.
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Common Core State Standards
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The initiative was motivated by concerns that students in different states were not being prepared equally for postsecondary education and/or jobs in the global workforce.
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Character Education
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Entails teaching students to act morally and ethically, including the ability to "develop just and caring relationships, contribute to community, and assume the responsibilities of democratic citizenship."
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Service Learning Programs
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One type of character education, are increasingly popular at universities and colleges nationwide. Community based initiatives in which students volunteer in the community and receive academic credit for doing so.
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Home Schooling
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The education of children at home instead of in a public or private school.
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Privatization
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A practice in which states hire businesses to provide services or operate local schools.
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Significant Educational Reform
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First, we must invest in teacher education and in teaching practices. Second, the "savage inequalities" in education, primarily based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, must be addressed. Third, the general public needs to become involved.
