short answers and essay chapter 11-12

There was a lot of controversy over whether or not to give African Americans rights. After 2 months of disputing back and forth, Congress passed the Civil rights acts of 1866 which gave them citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws, like the black codes.

Radical Republicans, Scalawags, African Americans

They began to build up their black community and got an education. They searched for loved ones that were separated during slave trading. Schools, churches, and political organizations were developed and they focused their minds on African American leadership.

Democrats sought redemption in order to return their power to the South. White landowners refused to hire or do business with the slaves.

He was the first president to be elected with the least popular vote. But he had to pay a price to the Democrats. First of all, it was the withdrawal of federal troops from Louisiana and SC . Second, the Democrats wanted federal money to build a railroad from Texas to West Coast and to improver rivers, harbors and bridges. Third, they wanted Hayes to appoint a conservative Southerner to the cabinet. In the Compromise of 1877 republican leaders agreed to the demands, inaugurating Hayes and putting an end of Reconstruction in the South.

There were many long-term causes and short term causes that aided and pushed forward the impending Civil War. The short term causes, however, were the most effective because they happened quickly and completely divided the nation in half.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by Congress in 1854. It dealt with the problem of slavery in new territories just as the Missouri Compromise of 1850. The reason that it did this was that it opened the question of slavery back up in areas where the issue had previously already been decided. The territories of Kansas and Nebraska were supposed to be free territories -- slavery was not supposed to be allowed there. But then the Kansas-Nebraska Act reopened the issue by putting the question of slavery in those territories up to \"popular sovereignty.\" This angered many in the North because they saw it as evidence of the government caving in to the South.The Act also allowed for \"Bleeding Kansas\" to happen. This little war in Kansas made people on both sides upset because it involved atrocities committed both by the pro- and anti-slavery forces.

the Republican party had become the equally influential alternative to the democratic party. They convinced most northerners that the north was the home of \"progress, opportunity, and freedom.\" They believed that a free society was necessary for laborers to move up the social stairs to become landowning farmers, which in turn would help them achieve economic independence, which was essential to freedom. In their opinions, slavery caused a never ending cycle of degraded slaves and poor

Lincoln maintained a moderate stance on the emancipation of slaves, never vowing in his campaigns to abolish slavery, as it was vital to the southern economy. He even stated in his presidential inaugural address that he would not use his executive power to interfere with the institution in any state where it existed. Still, Lincoln vehemently opposed the expansion of slavery into new western territories and served as one of the most influential advocates of \"free soil.\" For this reason, the president posed a significant threat to the economic and political interests of the slaveholding South. Thus, in response to his 1860 election victory, seven southern states seceded from the Union. Lincoln was determined to prevent disunion by any means necessary, but his attempts at negotiation failed miserably; within the first months of his tenure, the divided nation was engaged in a full-blown Civil War.