Sensation/Perception Exam 2 – Flashcards
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In people with _____, which of the following does not require optical correction to see normally?
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emmetropia
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Which of the following refers to nearsightedness?
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myopia
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Photoreceptors that are specialized for daylight vision, fine acuity, and color are called...
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cones
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The high-resolution part of the eye that is used for detailed vision is called the
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fovea
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The part of the photoreceptor that contains photopigment molecules is called the...
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outer segment
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Which of the following is a specialized retinal cell responsible for lateral inhibition?
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photoreceptor
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Retinal cells that make connections with bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and other cells like themselves are called...
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amacrine cells
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In the fovea, single cones pass information to single ganglion cells via...
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midget polar cells
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Retinal cells called ______, leave the eye via the optic nerve and transmit information to the brain and midbrain.
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ganglion cells
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Which of the following stimuli would optimally activate an ON-center ganglion cell?
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a spot of light in the center of the receptive field
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The difference in illumination between a figure and its background is known as....
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contrast
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The smallest spatial detail that can be resolved at 100% contrast is known as....
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acuity
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Visual angle is a measure of the...
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size an object takes up on the retina
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If somebody has 20/100 vision, this means that...
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they see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision sees at 100 feet.
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Spatial frequency refers to the...
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number of cycles of a grating per unit of visual angle
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____ is the smallest amount of contrast required to detect a pattern.
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contrast threshold
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The axons of retinal ganglion cells synapse in the two...
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lateral geniculate nuclei
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The right visual field projects to the ____ half of each eye and then is analyzed by the LGN in the _____ hemisphere.
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left; left
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Topographical mapping is the....
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orderly mapping of the world in the LGN and visual cortex.
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No single neuron receives input from both eyes until the...
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striate cortex
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The tilt aftereffect is the perceptual illusion of tilt, produced by...
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adapting to a pattern of a given orientation
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If a movie projector is out of focus and images on the screen are blurry, which spatial frequencies are missing?
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high frequencies
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Hubel and Wiesel uncovered some important properties of the ____ of neurons in the striate cortex.
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receptive fields
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The tendency of neurons in striate cortex to respond optimally to certain orientations and less to others is known as...
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orientation tuning
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_____ is a developmental disorder characterize by reduced spatial vision in an otherwise healthy eye, even with proper correction for refractive error.
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amblyopia
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Which experimental technique is used to determine which stimuli infants can and cannot see?
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preferential looking paradigm
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Which of the following is a loosely defined stage of visual processing that comes after basic features have been extracted from the image, and before object recognition and scene understanding?
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middle vision
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Gestalt psychologists emphasize that...
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the perceptual whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
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Which Gestalt grouping principle might lead you to organize the elements into rows?
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proximity
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Which Gestalt grouping principle might lead you to organize the elements into columns?
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common region
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The figure below (cube) is a classic demonstration of...
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an ambiguous figure
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Which of the following is a viewing position that produces some regularity in the visual image that is not present in the world?
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accidental viewpoint
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Which of the following is an entry-level category term?
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bird
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Which of the following is a superordinate level category term?
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vehicle
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Which of the following is a subordinate level category term?
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limousine
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The fact that faces are more difficult than many other types of objects to recognize when viewed upside-down is taken by many researchers to indicate that...
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the visual system uses special recognition processes for faces that are not used for other types of objects
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Which of the following is not one of the principles for summarizing middle vision?
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seek ambiguity and avoid consensus
