Semester 2 final; Steve Klein chapter questions – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Amber Moore
The Russian political leadership tends to see U.S. and EU efforts to promote democracy in the Russian realm as:
efforts to gain control of formerly Soviet countries
What proportion of the earth’s land surface did the USSR cover?
1/6
Which of the following is not one of Russia’s internal republics?
Azerbaijan
The term used to describe semiarid grasslands is:
steppe
Which area is home to some of the world’s largest reserves of oil
The West Siberian Plain
Which of the following is the best summary of Soviet ideology’s approach to the environment
Nature is the servant of industrial and agricultural progress.
Which of the following is considered the world’s most polluted city?
Dzerzhinsk
The Chernobyl nuclear plant was located in:
Ukraine
Which sea is polluted with nuclear waste?
Sea of Okhotsk
All the major rivers of Eastern Russia flow:
from south to north
The environmental and climatic changes wrought by the diversion of water from the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers are reflected in which of the following phenomena?
shrinkage of the Aral Sea
In the twelfth century CE, the __________________ conquered the forested lands of Ukraine and Russia.
Mongols
The Slavic ruler who defeated the Mongols and began the modern Russian empire was:
Ivan the Terrible
The Moscow landmark that commemorates the defeat of the Mongols in the twelfth century is:
St. Basil’s Cathedral
Russia’s Communist Party was formed by:
Bolsheviks
For Stalin, the key to achieving rapid economic growth was:
increased industrial production
In the Stalin era, which of the following was the place to which resisters and dissenters were sent to work in labor camps?
Siberia
Which of the following countries did not fall under Soviet communist influence after World War II?
Argentina
The relatively peaceful transitions to democracy that have taken place in some of the post-Soviet states, such as Georgia and Ukraine, are known as the:
Color Revolutions
The predominant religion in Chechnya is:
Islam
The ethnic group targeted by Stalin as traitors to Russia—a persecution that lasted into the twenty-first century—were the:
Chechens
Which of the following is not widely available in Russia today?
personal computers
The Russian organized crime syndicate run by former members of the KGB is the
Russian Mafia
Which of the following statements is the best description of modern-day Russia?
Corruption and organized crime in Russia is rampant, with bribes and illegal activity throughout the country.
Which of the following is the best description of the population of the Russian region today?
It has a rapidly aging population and a low birth rate
GDP per capita in Russia tends to overstate the general well-being of the Russian population because:
wealth is highly concentrated in the hands of a small wealthy elite
Which of the following is perhaps the most obvious element of cultural revival throughout the former Soviet Union?
the return to religion
Among the following, which religious group provides a message of individual salvation that coincides nicely with the experiences of Russia’s new capitalists?
Evangelical Christianity
The European Russian city located on the Baltic Sea, once the Russian capital and today a center of Russian culture, is:
St. Petersburg
Ninety percent of the land in the Russian Far East is:
permafrost
Which of the following is a prediction made by some geographers about the Russian Far East?
It may eventually break away from Russia and gain independence.
Which of the following is not a reason for the EU’s interest in Ukraine and Moldova?
Moldova and Ukraine are seeking to cut all ties to Russia and need the support of a strong economic entity like the European Union
Which of the following is the best description of Belarus?
Its leaders are seeking closer ties with the European Union.
Which of the following parts of Caucasia is NOT an independent nation-state?
Chechnya
Since 1991, which of the following has greatly affected the daily lives of a great many Caucasians?
inter-ethnic strife
Civilization flourished in Central Asia until what change took place in 1500?
The shift from trade along the Silk Road to trade along sea lanes
GDP per capita in Kazakhstan has increased greatly in the 21st century as a result of the nation’s:
oil reserves
The narrow ribbon of land that connects Mexico with South America is called…
Central America
What term refers to native populations of a region, as distinct from those who migrate in later?
Indigenous Groups
Middle and South America is larger as a region than North America.
True
The gap between rich and poor is much wider in Middle/South America than in North America.
false
Through which South American country does the equator not pass?
Argentina
The source of the Amazon River is found in:
the Andes
Tropical crops such as bananas and pineapples thrive in:
tierra caliente
What is lowland South America’s largest physical feature
the Amazon Basin
In which temperature-altitude zone are Mexico City and Quito located?
tierra fria
In which ocean do trade winds originate?
Atlantic
World’s dries desert is located in…
Chile
12. Approximately __________ the earth’s remaining rain forests are located in South America.
1/2
All of the following are contributing to deforestation in Middle/South America except for:
the increased volcanic activity in the region
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ecotourism?
It provides large amounts of foreign direct investment
____________ encourages visitors from developed countries to appreciate ecosystems and wildlife that do not exist in their part of the world.
Ecotourism
Enforcement of environmental laws is quite strong in most of the countries of Middle and South America.
False
In Mexico City, almost 90% of urban waste water goes untreated.
True
When Columbus arrived in the Americas, the largest state in Middle/South America belonged to the:
Aztecs
Which statement best describes the human landscape of Middle and South America just before its encounter with Europeans?
Many people were living in socially organized, technologically advanced cities.
Which of the following significantly aided the Spaniards in their defeat of the Aztecs?
a smallpox epidemic brought by the Spaniards
In what way was the Spanish conquest of the Incas similar to its conquest of the Aztecs?
Both conquests were aided by introduced diseases.
The island that is home to Haiti and the Dominican Republic is:
Hispaniola
Out of the ruins of the Incan empire, the Spanish created:
Peru
Following the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, _____________ took all lands to the east of the demarcation point (46˚ W longitude), and ___________________ took all the lands to the west.
Portugal, Spain
Which statement most accurately describes the impact on the Native American population of the diseases that were introduced by Europeans to Middle and South America?
Ninety percent died within 150 years of first contact with Europeans.
Which of the following is a difference between the Portuguese conquest of Brazil and the Spanish conquest?
The Portuguese faced no highly organized indigenous urban culture
What action did the Spanish colonial government take in response to the widespread death of Native Americans due to disease, malnutrition, and inhumane treatment?
imported slaves from Africa to take the place of the dead
Which of the following represents a legacy of colonialism in Middle and South America?
the region’s dependence on extraction-based activities
The policy by which European rulers sought to increase the power and wealth of their realms by extracting resources from their colonies for the benefit of the “mother” country is:
mercantilism
Which of the following describes a hacienda?
a large rural estate
The largest of Middle/South America’s export processing zones is found in:
the maquiladoras of Mexico
Which country nationalized the oil industry in 2005?
Venezuela
The monies sent home by migrants to help support their families are called:
remittances
Why do many governments in Middle and South America favor export-oriented agriculture?
It brings in large amounts of cash with which they can repay debt
Which of the following illustrates the term contested space?
the conflicting views of Middle and South American leaders regarding space exploration
he authority of dictators in Middle/South America was usually based on alliances with all of the following groups, except:
farmers trying to work toward sustainability
A ________________ takes place when the military takes control of a government by force.
coup d’etat
All of the following drugs are primary drugs of trade for Middle/South America, except:
heroin
The United States has funded armed interventions in all of the following countries except:
Venezuela
Which of the following has been a result of the United States’ “war on drugs” in Middle/South America?
It has focused too much on users and traffickers in the United States and not on the producing countries in Middle and South America.
Fidel Castro’s right-hand man in governing/ruling Cuba was:
Che Guevara
Which of the following is not true of Fidel Castro’s rule in Cuba?
Fidel was a benevolent dictator who enjoyed almost universal support
Which of the following is NOT a problem for democracy in Middle and South America?
expansion of Internet access
. In terms of human well-being, the country in Middle/South America that ranks the lowest is:
Haiti
Japanese influence in Middle/South America is particularly strong in…
Peru
The most common family structure in Middle/South America is the:
extended family
Civil war within Liberia in the first decade of the twentieth century also led to many deaths in:
Sierra Leone
What is the approximate population of sub-Saharan Africa?
800 million
the two largest continents are…
Africa and Asia
Which is not true of the physical geography of the African continent?
Its coastline is home to many natural harbors
Africa’s lack of mountain ranges can be explained by:
a lack of collision of tectonic plates
The rain produced by the intertropical convergence zone is most abundant:
near the Equator
What process is creating a series of rift features along the eastern flank of the African continent?
Crustal plates that underlie the African continent are spreading apart.
Africa’s coastline is home to many rich natural harbors
False
Tectonic activity continues today in Africa’s eastern flank
True
As is shifts north and south seasonally, the intertropical convergence zone follows the area of the earth’s surface with the highest average temperatures
true
Which two products or technologies supply Africans with most of their domestic energy?
Wood and Charcoal
Most African famines have been caused by:
political insatbility
The process by which arid conditions spread to areas that were previously moist is called:
desertification
What practice is being adopted in recognition of the rapid loss of forests that emphasizes economically useful trees to take the pressure off of old-growth forests?
agroforestry
What is the name of the African region that runs south along the Sahara and is threatened by desertification?
Sahel
Which of the following events involving Europe and Africa occurred during in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century?
Europeans began selling Africans as slaves in the Americas.
By what means did nineteenth-century European powers prevent armed conflicts among themselves in Africa in their separate colonial efforts?
They allowed African tribal leaders to arbitrate their territorial disputes
Which two natural resources were discovered in South Africa in the 1860s
gold and diamonds
Which of the following statements describes the people known as the Boers?
Dutch immigrant farmers who were among the first Europeans to settle in Africa
Which one of the following statements accurately reflects the circumstances of the Boer War?
The British invaded the Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
The key motive of European nations in colonizing Africa was:
motive
The only African country with a strong manufacturing base is
South Africa
Which of the following occurred in sub-Saharan Africa during the period between 1961 and 2005?
Per capita food production declined.
Which of the following reflects a problem associated with the informal economy in sub-Saharan Africa?
It produces more tax revenue for the state.
Which of the following is true of trade within Africa?
It is relatively limited because so many countries produce the same raw materials for export.
By which of the following means are many of the local transport needs for the village and domestic units in sub-Saharan Africa satisfied?
Women on foot
A raw material that is traded is known as a(n)
Commodity
What policy, often part of a structural adjustment package, did many sub-Saharan African states enact in order to lower the price of their exports on world markets?
currency devaluation
European colonizers’ policies toward Africa can be summarized as:
divide and rule
Among the following, which is the most obvious European legacy at the root of many armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa?
national borders
Much of Nigeria’s oil wealth lies on lands occupied by the _______ people.
Ogoni
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding present-day Nigeria?
Nearly 90 percent of its citizens live in urban areas
The first country in the world where women make up a majority of the national legislature is:
Rwanda
Which of the following is not a valid explanation for high birth rates in sub-Saharan Africa?
Tropical climates lead to higher fertility rates
A major cause of slowing population growth rates in Africa is:
HIV-AIDS
The greatest contributor to the rapid growth of cities in sub-Saharan Africa is
migration
The largest city in sub-Saharan Africa is
Lagos, Nigeria
About half of all the deaths in sub-Saharan Africa are caused by:
infectious disease
The leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa is:
AIDS
What widespread disease in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with standing fresh water?
Schistosmiasis
Which of the following is among the social and demographic consequences of the spread of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa?
Life expectancy in such countries as South Africa is declining.
What is a significant barrier to providing treatment for those with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa?
The treatment expires before it can be delivered to all regions
The most economically developed country in Africa is:
South Africa
In sub-Saharan Africa, in which of the following aspects of agriculture are men most likely to be involved?
cultivating and growing cash crops
In which African nations are animist beliefs practiced by a large majority of the population?
Togo and Benin
The Rwandan ethnic groups that have engaged in mutual genocide over the last twenty years are the:
Hutu and Tutsi
The country sometimes called the “microcosm of Africa” because it is home to more than 250 different ethnic groups is
Cameroon
The language family spoken by the most people in sub-Saharan Africa is:
Bantu
The Brazilian shantytowns on the outskirts of large cities are called…
Favelas
The international trade agreement that mexico entered into with the US and Canada in 1992 is called the..
NAFTA
the five modern day countries that once made up the Union of Central American States
Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras.
“the Paris of the Caribbean”
Havana
Cuba and Puerto Rico share a common culture and history with this other Greater Antilles nation..
Dominican Republic
Mesopotamia is in between these two rivers
Tigris and Euphrates
The first country in the middle east to produce oil in mass quantities.
Iran
Israeli-designed technique of watering in the desert through special pipes that allow only a certain amount of water out.
Drip irrigation
Laws designed to put native Saudis in jobs previously held b immigrant workers
Saudization laws.
The religion that was designed to be a bridge between Islam and Hinduism
Sikhism
The newest country in Asia is…
East Timor
The southeast asian port city that rivals rotterdam as the world’s busiest port
Singapore
Bhutan has a _____ kind of government
(constitutional) Monarchy
This country was created out of Pakistan territory
Bangladesh
Name the time period in the late 1800’s when japan pulled itself out of isloation
Meiji Restoration
Taiwan was formally known as this
Republic of China
Third longest river in the world
Chiang Jiang
The North Korean term for self-reliance
Juche
The meeting in 1884 that divided Africa up to different European Countries
Berlin Conference
Why is Iraq more dependent on oil pipelines/oil production than other Middle East countries?
Lack of usable ports.
