Semester 2 Exam Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Binary Compounds |
answer
| Compounds composed of two different elements |
question
| Nomenclature |
answer
| Naming System |
question
| Oxyanions |
answer
| Polyatomic ions that contain oxygen |
question
| Salt |
answer
| An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid |
question
| Monatomic Ions |
answer
| Ions formed from a single atom |
question
| Formula Mass |
answer
| The sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion |
question
| Empirical Formula |
answer
| The symbols for the elements combined in a compound with subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound. |
question
| Molecular Formal |
answer
| A formula showing the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound |
question
| Molecule |
answer
| A neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds. |
question
| Polyatomic Ion |
answer
| A charged group of covalently bonded atoms. |
question
| Electrolyte |
answer
| A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current. |
question
| Aqueous Solution |
answer
| (dissolved in water) also (aq) |
question
| Catalyst |
answer
| Used to alter the rate of the reaction |
question
| Reversible Reaction |
answer
| Chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants. |
question
| Chemical Reaction |
answer
| A reaction in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. |
question
| Mole Ratio |
answer
| Conversion factor that relates the amounts in moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction. |
question
| Molar Mass |
answer
| The mass of one mole of a pure substance. |
question
| Actual Yield |
answer
| The measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction |
question
| Theoretical Yield |
answer
| The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant. |
question
| Percent Yield |
answer
| The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100 |
question
| Limiting Reactant |
answer
| The reactant that limits the amounts of the other reactants that can combine and the amount of the product that can form in a chemical reaction |
question
| Excess Reactant |
answer
| The substance that is not used up completely in a reaction |
question
| Reaction Stoichiometry |
answer
| Involves the mass relationships between reactants and the products in a chemical reaction |
question
| Composition Stoichiometry |
answer
| Deals with the mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. |
question
| Diffusion |
answer
| Such spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by their random motion |
question
| Elastic Collision |
answer
| No net loss of kinetic energy |
question
| Ideal Gas |
answer
| An imaginary gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory |
question
| Kinetic-Molecular Theory |
answer
| Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion |
question
| Effusion |
answer
| Process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening |
question
| Pressure |
answer
| Force per unit area on a surface |
question
| Atmosphere of Pressure |
answer
| Exactly equivalent to 760 mm Hg |
question
| Pascal |
answer
| Pressure exerted by a force of one Newton acting on an area of one square meter |
question
| Barometer |
answer
| Device used to measure atmospheric pressure |
question
| Boyle's Law |
answer
| States that volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature (PV=k) |
question
| Charles Law |
answer
| Illustrates the direct relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature in kelvins (V=kT) |
question
| Combined Gas Law |
answer
| Combines the previous relationships into the following mathematical expression (PV/T=k |
question
| Gas Laws |
answer
| Simple mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and the amount of a gas |
question
| Combined Gas Law |
answer
| Expresses the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas |
question
| Daltons Law of Partial Pressure |
answer
| The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases |
question
| Avogadro's Law |
answer
| Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules |
question
| Ideal Gas Law |
answer
| Mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles (PV=nRT) |
question
| Grahams Law of Effusion |
answer
| Rates of effusion of gases at the same temperature and pressure are inversely proportional |
question
| Solution |
answer
| Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phrase |
question
| Solvent |
answer
| The dissolving medium in a solution |
question
| Solute |
answer
| Substance dissolved in a solution |
question
| Colloids |
answer
| Particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures |
question
| Nonelectrolyte |
answer
| Substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
question
| Saturated Solution |
answer
| Solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
question
| Unsaturated Solution |
answer
| Solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
question
| Supersaturated Solution |
answer
| Solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
question
| Solubility |
answer
| The amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature |
question
| Molarity |
answer
| The number of moles in one liter of solution |
question
| Concentration |
answer
| Measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solute or solution |
question
| Strong Electrolyte |
answer
| Any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well |
question
| Weak Electrolyte |
answer
| Any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity poorly |
