question

Classical Era - what dates are given for the classical era?

answer

500 to 300 B.C.E

question

Life in the Greek Poleis

answer

One of the major political innovations of the ancient Greeks was the polis, or city-state (plural poleis). These independent social and political entities began to emerge in the ninth century bce, organized around an urban center and fostering markets, meeting places, and religious worship; frequently, poleis also controlled some surrounding territory.

question

What kind of governments existed in the poleis of classical Greece?

answer

In ancient Greece, this form of government allowed a class of propertied male citizens to participate in the governance of their polis; but excluded women, slaves, and citizens without property from the political process. As a result, the ruling class amounted to only a small percentage of the entire population.

question

How and why was Sparta different from the other Greek poleis?

answer

Spartan rulers militarized their society in order to prevent future rebellions and to protect Sparta's superior position in Greece

question

Hellas ; Hellen

answer

The name of 'Greece' is 'Hellas' (and the adjective 'Greek' is 'Hellenic'), according to the inhabitants of Hellas, who are themselves Hellenes.

question

oligarchy ; direct democracy

answer

in a select few (the oligarchies) or in every male citizen: democracy - widely regarded as the Greeks' greatest contribution to civilization.

question

Solon

answer

He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens

question

Peisistratus

answer

the son of Hippocrates. did not hesitate to confront the aristocracy, and he greatly reduced their privileges, confiscated their lands and gave them to the poor, and funded many religious and artistic programs. Peisistratids is the common term for the three tyrants who ruled in Athens from 546 to 510 BC, namely Peisistratos and his two sons, Hipparchus and Hippias

question

Cleisthenes

answer

He is credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing. For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy. Also, he was credited with increasing the power of the Athenian citizens' assembly and for reducing the power of the nobility over Athenian politics

question

Pericles

answer

Following his election as strategos in 461 bce, Pericles pushed through political reforms in Athens, which gave poorer citizens greater influence in politics. He promoted Athenians' sense of superiority through ambitious public works projects and lavish festivals to honor the gods, thus ensuring his continual reelection. But eventually, Athens' growing arrogance and aggression alienated it from the rest of the Greek world.

question

metic

answer

referred to a foreign resident of Athens, one who did not have citizen rights in their Greek city-state (polis) of residence.

question

agora

answer

was a central space or square in city-states of Ancient Greece. The literal meaning of the word is "gathering place" or "assembly"

question

gymnasia

answer

The name comes from the Ancient Greek term gymnós meaning "naked"

question

symposia

answer

drinking party

question

oikos

answer

refers to three related but distinct concepts: the family, the family's property, and the house.

question

andron

answer

is part of a Greek house that is reserved for men

question

helot

answer

were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta.

question

Lycurgus

answer

Helots and Spartan home. Barrack culture

question

The Athenians used ostracism

answer

to get rid of dangerous politicians.

question

Spartan soldiers were forbidden to engage in trade.

answer

True

question

Unlike the women of most other Greek cities, Spartan women were expected to

answer

stay physically fit to bear healthy children.

question

Which of the following phrases best describes the social situation of most Greek women?

answer

Women were kept under strict control, cut off from formal education, and were always assigned a male guardian.

question

The Lycurgan reforms resulted in

answer

the establishment of a permanent military state in Sparta

question

The Spartan way of life was rooted in the desire to

answer

control the helots

question

Which sentence best describes the structure of the Spartan government c. 600 B.C.E.?

answer

Sparta was ruled by a citizen assembly, a council of elders, and two kings.

question

In what way was Athens a limited democracy

answer

it didn't allow women, slaves and foreigners to vote.

question

Which leader championed the cause of the democracy and introduced the practice of ostracism?

answer

Cleisthenes

question

The geography of ancient Greece is has lots of

answer

Mountains, valleys and islands

question

Zoroastrianism was

answer

Persia's religion.

question

Satraps were

answer

governors in the provinces of the Persian empire

question

The Persian leader who conquered the Medes, Asia Minor, and Babylonia was

answer

Cyrus the Great.

question

The Persian Wars were begun by:

answer

a revolt instigated by the Ionian Greeks against the Persians.

question

Heavily outnumbered by opposing forces, the Athenians defeated the Persians at the battle of:

answer

Marathon

question

The Persian Wars

answer

included the famous battles of Marathon and Thermopylae.

question

The Delian League helped to transform which city-state into an empire?

answer

Athens

question

The hoplites were:

answer

common foot soldiers.

question

The helots were:

answer

enslaved Messenians.

question

The pre-Socratic philosophers:

answer

investigated the relationship between the natural world, the gods, and man.

question

In general, the Spartans:

answer

viewed themselves as protectors of the traditional constitutions of Greece.

question

Who murdered their political opponents in Athens following the end of the Peloponnesian Wars?

answer

the Thirty Tyrants

question

Of the Iliad and Odyssey, it can be said that:

answer

they were not written down until after 800 B.C.E. ; they formulated the Greek heroic ideal.

question

The Greek word, eleutheria, means:

answer

freedom.

question

Which ancient culture had the most lasting impact on Greek civilization?

answer

Phoenician

question

The Sophists:

answer

taught that all knowledge was relative.

question

Which of the following is not representative of Greek lyric poetry?

answer

Drakon

question

The Greek word, tyrannos, implied:

answer

someone who ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework.

question

Solon was responsible for all the following reforms except:

answer

eligibility for office was based on birth not property.

question

The Peloponnesian War:

answer

involved the armies of Athens and Sparta.

question

Which Greek wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars?

answer

Thucydides

question

Which pairing is incorrect?

answer

Aristophanes—Oedipus at Colonus* Sophocles—Antigone Aeschylus—Persians Euripides—Trojan Women

question

Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living"?

answer

Socrates

question

Regarding their religious beliefs, the Greeks:

answer

1.were suspicious of their gods. 2. believed that the gods interfered in human affairs. 3. knew that the gods wielded superhuman power.

question

Elected strategos in 462, Pericles:

answer

1.shifted power away from the Aeropagus. 2.sought reforms to make Athens more fully democratic. 3.became a patron of the arts, science, and literature.

question

Which of the following is evidence of a growing Panhellenism at the end of Archaic Greece?

answer

the Olympic Games.

question

All of the following statements regarding the Delian League are true except:

answer

1.Athens controlled the funds and resources of the League. 2.Each member polis contributed ships or money to the League. 3.The League was created by Pericles.** 3.All members of the League vowed total defeat of the Persians.

question

Mycenaean civilization vanished

answer

by the twelfth century B.C.E.

question

Heavily outnumbered by opposing forces, the Athenians defeated the Persians at the battle of:

answer

Marathon.

question

In general, the philosophy of Socrates can be summarized by which one of the following statements?

answer

"I am wise because I know nothing."

question

The Greek word meaning roughly the "bringing together of dwellings" is:

answer

synoikismos

question

What was the Peloponnesian War, why did it happen?

answer

The name given to the series of wars fought between Sparta (on the Greek Peloponnesus) and Athens from 431 bce to 404 bce, and which ended in the defeat of Athens and the loss of her imperial power.

question

Darius I

answer

The Persian emperor whose conflict with Aristagoras, the Greek ruler of Miletus, ignited the Persian Wars. In 490 bce, Darius sent a large army to punish the Athenians for their intervention in Persian imperial affairs, but this force was defeated by Athenian hoplites on the plain of Marathon.

question

Xerxes I

answer

Xerxes succeeded his father, Darius, as Great King of Persia. Seeking to avenge his father's shame and eradicate any future threats to Persian hegemony, he launched his own invasion of Greece in 480 bce An allied Greek army defeated his forces in 479 bce

question

Miletus

answer

A Greek polis and Persian colony on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor. Influenced by the cultures of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Lydia, it produced several of the ancient world's first scientists and sophists. Thereafter, a political conflict between the ruler of Miletus, Aristagoras, and the Persian Emperor, Darius, sparked the Persian Wars with Greece.

question

Marathon

answer

490 bce Athenian hoplites defeated the Persian army at the plain of Marathon.

question

Trireme

answer

an ancient Greek or Roman war galley with three banks of oars

question

Thermopylae

answer

The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece

question

Parthenon

answer

The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the peak of its power

question

Delian League

answer

he Delian League, founded in 477 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 173, to 330 under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

question

Alcibiades

answer

socarties study and thirty tyrants

question

Thirty tyrants

answer

government established by Sparta after conquering Athens

question

Why are the Greeks considered to be the other pillar of western civilization?

answer

Government system

question

Greek approach to knowledge generally

answer

Pholisphy

question

Socrates

answer

Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy

question

Plato

answer

Socrates study. credited for writing about Socrates

question

Aristotle

answer

Platos study

question

Herodotus

answer

Herodotus of Halicarnassus •5th c. •The Histories(Greco-Persian Wars) •First to use the word "history"

question

Thucydides

answer

Thucydides •5th c. •History of the Peloponnesian War •First historian

question

Socrates' most important pupil was:

answer

Plato

question

The first historian of the Western world was:

answer

Herodotus

question

Who said "the unexamined life is not worth living"?

answer

Socrates

question

The Sophist claim that "Man is the measure of all things" means:

answer

goodness, truth, and justice are not absolutes, but vary according to the needs and interests of human beings.

question

Greek science is significant because

answer

1.Greek scientists rejected the role of the gods in nature and instead worked to develop general principles to explain natural phenomena.

question

Sophists

answer

argued that truth is relative.

question

Socrates and his student Plato

answer

argued for absolute standards of truth.

question

Socrates was brought to trial for...

answer

impiety and corrupting the young.

question

Give the 2 types of drama that began in Athens?

answer

comedy tragedy

question

All of the following statements regarding the Delian League are true except:

answer

*The League was created by Pericles

question

statements regarding the Delian League are true

answer

Athens controlled the funds and resources of the League ; Each member polis contributed ships or money to the League

question

Why was the Peloponnesian War deadlocked for an extended period of time?

answer

Athens could not defeat Sparta on land, and Sparta could not defeat Athens at sea.

question

The assembly in Athens, in which all people eligible to take part in government voted directly on an issue, was an example of __________________________.

answer

Direct democracy

question

Since __________________________ believed that only philosophers should lead governments, he did not support Athenian democracy

answer

Plato

question

The Peloponnesian War

answer

destroyed the Athenian Empire.

question

One of the chief causes of the Peloponnesian War was

answer

Sparta's fear of the power of Athens and its maritime empire.

question

Plato's pupil Aristotle differed from his teacher in that he

answer

focused on understanding the material world.

question

Plato sought a solution to the crisis of the polis in

answer

b. rule by philosopher kings and abolition of private property

question

Aristotle's solution to the crisis of the polis stressed the

answer

the power of the people to defend the state.

question

All are true of Greek women except

answer

they could freely divorce abusive husbands

question

The "Hellenistic World" refers to

answer

b. three centuries when Greek culture was spread to Egypt and Asia

question

Which of the following statements is false

answer

The Hellenistic world prepared the way for the Christian world religions.

question

Latifundia were

answer

b. large plantations worked by slaves who tended cash crops

question

The crucial breakthrough for the legal betterment of the Roman plebeians came with the

answer

election of two consuls

question

A philosophical concern of Plato's was:

answer

to establish a just society.

question

Philip II of Macedon's early success had much to do with his:

answer

reorganization of the Macedonian army.

question

Which statement is true: During the Hellenistic era

answer

Greek culture absorbed many non-Greek elements from non-Greek peoples.

question

Alexander's Macedonian soldiers

answer

opposed Alexander's decision to adopt the Persian role of the Great King.

question

Alexander the Great was successful in his conquests because

answer

he was a successful soldier and brilliant military leader.

question

Alexander the Great's conquests extended as far east as

answer

Pakistan

question

Alexander ruled his empire by

answer

adopting the Persian method of ruling as a Great King.

question

The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled primarily in

answer

Egypt

question

After Alexander's death

answer

his generals carved out separate kingdoms from his empire.

question

The Stoics taught that:

answer

1.the cosmos is orderly. 2. no individual can control the world around him. 3. duty and self-discipline are important virtues.

question

Koine was

answer

the common version of Greek spoken across the Hellenistic world.

question

Probably the most famous and most cosmopolitan Hellenistic city was

answer

Alexandria in Egypt

question

The _________ taught that the only reason why one should be good out of fear of the gods, but only in order to increase one's own happiness.

answer

Epicureans

question

The Cynics

answer

urged people to give up their material things.

question

Euclid

answer

wrote a famous geometry textbook

question

Hippocrates

answer

was a famous classical doctor.

question

Aristarchus of Samos was unusual among Hellenistic astronomers because:

answer

he believed that the earth revolves around the sun.

question

The Italian peninsula is essentially

answer

west of Greece

question

Romulus and Remus were

answer

the main characters in the story about the beginnings of Rome.

question

From the Etruscans, the Romans obtained:

answer

1.the Centurion Assembly 2.the Greek alphabet 3.the arch

question

In general, the history of the early Roman Republic was dominated by:

answer

the plebeian struggle for social and economic equality.

question

Electing tribunes and displaying the Law of the Twelve Tables

answer

Protected Plebians from unjust treatment by Patricians

question

Which legend explains the end of the Etruscan monarchy and the founding of the Republic?

answer

the rape of Lucretia

question

During the early years after Rome's founding as an independent state, Rome was: (check all the options that are true- there may be more than one)

answer

monarchy

question

The patricians

answer

were the aristocrats during the Roman Republic.

question

In the early Roman Republic, Rome was technically a democracy but:

answer

the Roman constitution essentially ensured oligarchic rule.

question

When Rome defeated its enemies in Italy, it

answer

allowed the defeated peoples to become citizens.

question

Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.):

answer

they started a series of wars for control of the western Mediterranean.

question

The First Punic War

answer

pitted Rome and Carthage in a struggle over Sicily.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of women in Rome?

answer

They had complete power over what happened in their homes.

question

The Second Punic War

answer

included Hannibal's famous march across the Alps with war elephants.

question

Most gladiators in Rome were

answer

slaves

question

Rome's most significant achievement during the Republic was probably

answer

the conquest of territory in Italy and across the Mediterranean.

question

Who led the most famous slave revolt in the Roman Republic?

answer

Spartacus

question

Tiberius and Gaius Grachus:

answer

were killed by their political enemies

question

The Gracchi brothers were farmers who pressured the Senate to pass land reform laws in the second century B.C.E.

answer

False

question

Which of the following political figures during the last century of the Roman Republic was responsible for the introduction of paid volunteers into the Roman armies?

answer

Marius

question

Which of the following is true of women in Rome?

answer

1.Women always belonged to their own father, even when they married 2.Wealthy women were taught to read and write 3.had a strong influence on their families.

question

Maccabees Revolt

answer

The Maccabean Revolt was a Jewish rebellion

question

According to Roman law, a Roman father:

answer

had absolute power over his family, up to and including the power of life and death.

question

Central to Roman identity was a conservatism expressed in an unwritten code of:

answer

mos maiorum

question

Italy was the least slave-based economy known to history.

answer

False

question

Which of the following statements about Julius Caesar is false?

answer

He saved the Roman Republic.

question

Julius Caesar's assassination was the first time the Senate had resorted to murder to rid itself of a powerful adversary.

answer

False

question

One consequence of Rome's conquests was the increased role in society played by:

answer

slaves

question

The Romans were able to support cities with large populations due, in no small measure, to the:

answer

construction of a system of aqueducts to allow a steady supply of potable water to the cities.

question

The navy of Mark Antony and Cleopatra was defeated at the battle of:

answer

Actium

question

The Roman title, princeps, which was given to Augustus Caesar, means:

answer

first man, or first citizen

question

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the early rule of Augustus Caesar?

answer

He abolished laws punishing adultery and made divorces easy to obtain.

question

Pax Romana refers to the:

answer

long period in which there were no major wars within the Roman Empire.

question

After their deaths, the Senate frequently declared Roman emperors

answer

gods

question

Roman religion was not exclusive; new gods could be added and honored or removed.

answer

True

question

How did Augustus treat the Senate during his reign?

answer

He kept it in existence and used it to increase his own power.

question

The Colosseum was

answer

a stadium where gladiatorial combats took place.

question

None of the Julio-Claudian emperors after Augustus were particularly distinguished, but they managed to

answer

preserve the Empire in peace.

question

After the Romans defeated the Jews in 70 C.E.,

answer

the Jewish temple in Jerusalem was destroyed.

question

Revolts against Roman rule during the early empire

answer

were rarely if ever successful.

question

What were the three unifying elements that held together the Roman Empire?

answer

the figure of the emperor, the civil bureaucracy, and the army

question

A key to stability during the reign of the "five good emperors" was their practice of

answer

adopting a well-qualified leader as their son and successor.

question

During the late Republic and early Empire, the economy was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the growth of towns in the West to rival those of the East.

question

All of the following characterized society in the first centuries of the Roman Empire EXCEPT

answer

conditions for the urban workers far below those of the peasantry.

question

Permanent Roman contributions to Western Civilization included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

the extension of literature to the lower classes.

question

20. One important difference between Roman religion and Greek religion was the Roman view of:

answer

b. theology and dogma.

question

Realizing that the Roman Empire had become too large for a single ruler to control:

answer

Diocletian divided the empire in half, trusting a junior colleague to rule the western part.

question

As Emperor, Diocletian

answer

tried to increase imperial power by using the title dominus or lord.

question

The collapse of the Roman Empire in the West

answer

happened gradually over a number of years.

question

How did Diocletian treat the Christians?

answer

c. He saw Christianity as a divisive force and tried to wipe it out.

question

Julius Caesar's enemies assassinated him because

answer

They feared he planned to make himself king of Rome

question

The Roman Empire...(Check all that apply)

answer

1.lasted for over 400 years in the west, and longer in the east. 2.had problems with people on its borders

question

The Roman Empire

answer

tolerated local political and religious diversity

question

All of the following contributed to the breakdown of the Roman Empire during the third century EXCEPT

answer

the emergence of Christianity

question

All of the following contributed to the breakdown of the Roman Empire during the third century

answer

1.invasions in both the east and the west. 2.unstable leadership 3.rampant inflation

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