Science Measuring pH
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The measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
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pH
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What is pH a measure of specifically?
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The concentration of hydronium ions/H*3*O+ (hydrogen ion concentration) present in a solution
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What the pH scale have?
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Values ranging from 0 to 14
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If a solution is 0-6 on the pH scale, what is it?
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An acidic solution
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What does an acid solution have?
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More H*3*O+ ions than OH-
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The lower the pH value, the more ________ there are and the more __________ the solution will be.
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H*3*O+ ions; acidic
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If a solution is 7 on the pH scale, what is it?
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Neutral
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If a solution is 8-14 on the pH scale, what is it?
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Basic
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The higher the pH value, the more __________ there are and the more _________ a solution is.
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OH- ions; basic
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What are some examples of acids?
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Lemon juice, vinegar, milk, stomach acid, apple juice, and black coffee
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What are some examples of a neutral solution?
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Pure water, saliva
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What are some examples of bases?
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Ammonia, antacid tablets (when dissolved in water), baking soda, hand soap, and drain cleaner
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What are three methods used to measure pH?
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Acid-base indicators (bromthymol blue), universal pH paper, and electronic pH meter
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How do acid-base indicators work?
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They change colors at certain pH ranges and they don't give a certain pH number
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How does universal pH paper work?
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This paper has been infused with several acid-base indicators and turn into different colors depending on the pH of the solution. The color is compared to a reference card that shows the pH
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How does an electronic pH meter work?
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It provides a precise pH value
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Which method of measuring pH is most accurate?
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The electronic pH meter
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Plants and animals are healthier when what?
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The environment is within a certain pH range
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What happens when the soil is too acidic or too basic?
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The nutrients that the plants need do not dissolve into the water into the soil
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Why is the pH of soil important?
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Because too acidic or too basic soils cannot provide nutrients the plants need to grow
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*Any form of precipitation that has a lower pH than normal* Precipitation that's not pure water since it contains CO*2*
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Acid rain
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What is normal rain pH?
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Somewhere between 5 and 6
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How is acid rain formed?
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Fossil fuels are burned, and they release fuels in the air, such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. Those chemicals combine with the water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid which forms acid rain. It forms acid rain when those chemicals dissolve in precipitation
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What harms can acid rain do?
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*It can damage ecosystems by lowering the pH of bodies of water* It can harm aquatic species and other organisms that rely on water for survival *It can damage leaves of plants* It can lower pH of soil *It can damage buildings and sculptures made of limestone and marble* It damages paint and makes metal corrode faster
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For the human body to work properly, what must happen?
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The pH must be in balance
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How do stomach acids help humans?
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They help digest foods
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What is the normal stomach pH?
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About 2.5. It can drop to 1.5 to help digestion
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What two factors can lead to indigestion?
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Difficulty digesting food and low pH
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How do antacid tablets help with indigestion?
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They are basic and they restore the pH back to normal
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What is normal blood pH?
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The pH range is from 7.35 to 7.45
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Why do you need to keep blood in it's normal pH?
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To maintain good health
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Condition for when blood becomes too acidic
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Acidosis
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Condition for when blood becomes too basic (aka alkaline)
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Alkalosis
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What are the effects of the sulfuric oxides released during a volcanic eruption?
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They help form acid rain
