question

The process of learning more about the natural world is ____.

answer

Science

question

Experiments and investigations must be ____.

answer

Repeatable

question

A prediction about a problem that can be tested is a(n) ____.

answer

Hypothesis

question

It is important to ____ when drawing conclusions from scientific information.

answer

keep an open mind

question

The factor being measured in an experiment is the ____.

answer

variable

question

A variable in an experiment that stays the same is a(n) ____.

answer

constant

question

Science cannot answer questions about ____.

answer

politics

question

Models can do all of the following EXCEPT ____.

answer

make a hypothesis

question

Limitations of models include ____.

answer

the tendancy to change

question

Models can be used to describe which of the following environments?

answer

the floor of the ocean, volcanoes, and space

question

Scientific ____ must be supported by observations and results from many investigations and are not absolute.

answer

theories

question

The three branches of science are ____, Earth, and physical.

answer

life

question

Another term for technology is ____.

answer

applied science

question

When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.

answer

recognize a problem

question

When conducting an experiment, the last step is to ____.

answer

draw conclusions

question

A camera is an example of ____.

answer

technology

question

To evaluate the observations you make, you must use ____.

answer

critical thinking

question

Scientists must be impartial and not base their conclusions on ____.

answer

opinions

question

To ____ means to draw a conclusion based on something you observe.

answer

infer

question

____ materials are designed to get you to buy a product or service.

answer

Advertising

question

Coastal plains are also referred to as ____.

answer

lowlands

question

To show distances, a ____ is used on maps.

answer

map scale

question

Using Landsat, scientists make accurate maps of ____.

answer

snow covers

question

To determine distance in degrees east and west, you would use lines of ____.

answer

longitude

question

The Hawaiian Islands are huge ____ mountains that sit on the ocean floor.

answer

volcanic

question

Areas of equal elevation are connected by ____ lines on a map.

answer

contour

question

To determine an exact location on a map, you can use ____.

answer

latitude and longitude

question

An example of a raised, flat area is/are the ____.

answer

Colorado Plateau

question

A road map is drawn using a ____ projection.

answer

conic

question

Meridians ____ the north and south poles

answer

run through

question

Distances north and south of the equator are measured in degrees of ____.

answer

latitude

question

All of the following are true about contour lines EXCEPT that ____.

answer

they are close around hills and basins or depressions

question

If 1 cm on a map represents 80,000 cm on Earth's surface, the scale of the topographic map is expressed as ____.

answer

1: 80,000

question

If a store is 10 km from school and a map of the area has a scale of 1cm = 1 km, the distance between the store and the school would be ____ on the map.

answer

10 km

question

If a topographic map has a contour interval of 10 m and the map has five contour lines with the lowest elevation shown as 15 m, the elevation of the highest line is ____.

answer

55 m

question

Index contour lines ____.

answer

show elevation of nearby contour lines

question

If a map has a scale of 1 cm = 50,000 cm, ____ would separate two cities that are 3 cm apart on the map.

answer

1.5 km

question

If a plane flies along 20 latitude north between 20 E and 30 W, the plane would cover ____ degrees of longitude.

answer

50

question

New York time is three hours later than Los Angeles time. If it's ____ in Los Angeles, it is noon in New York.

answer

9 a.m.

question

If you travel ____ across the International Date Line, you lose one day.

answer

west

question

New York time is five hours earlier than time at the prime meridian. So, if it's 11:00 P.M. on Friday in New York, it's ____ at the prime meridian.

answer

4:00 a.m. on Saturday

question

If you travel one time zone to the west in the United States, you must set your watch ____.

answer

back one hour

question

Each time zone is separated from the next by ____ of time on a clock.

answer

1 hour

question

If it is 2:00 A.M. on Saturday in New York, the time and day in California would be ____.

answer

11:00 p.m. on Friday

question

All of the following conditions help preserve organisms as fossils EXCEPT ____.

answer

activities of microorganisms

question

If the same types of fossils are found in two separate rock layers, it's likely that the two rock layers ____.

answer

are part of one continuous deposit

question

Determining the order of events and the relative age of rocks by examining the position of rocks in a sequence is called ____.

answer

relative dating

question

Gaps in rock layers are called ____.

answer

unconformities

question

If the same sequence of rock layers is observed over a large area, ____.

answer

a large deposit of rock formed over a large area

question

A limestone bed containing fossils that are 550 million years old is ____ a bed of sandstone containing fossils that are 400 million years old.

answer

older than

question

In a series of undisturbed rock layers where shale lies between sandstone below and limestone above, the ____.

answer

limestone is youngest

question

____ dating uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages.

answer

absolute

question

Rock layers are correlated if they both contain the same ____.

answer

fossils

question

If a layer of sandstone lies on top of a layer of limestone in which a 300-million-year-old fossil is found, and there are no unconformities, the layer of sandstone must be ____.

answer

younger than 300 million years

question

With ____ dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is compared to the ages of other rocks.

answer

absolute, relative

question

Geologic time is divided into units based upon types of ____.

answer

organisms

question

The Alps, Andes, and Himalaya formed in the ____.

answer

Cenozoic Era

question

The longest subdivision in geologic time is a(n) ____.

answer

eon

question

Changes in the environment result in ____.

answer

physical changes in species

question

____ existed during the Mesozoic Era.

answer

angiosperms and birds

question

Cenozoic Era life-forms include ____.

answer

humans, reptiles, and marine mammals

question

The development of ____ factored in the development of complex organisms.

answer

ozone, oxygen, and cyanobacteria

question

Today, some scientists think that ____.

answer

birds evolved from dinosaurs

question

Homo sapiens probably appeared ____ ago.

answer

400,000 years

question

A life-form in the Precambrian time was ____.

answer

cyanobacteria

question

Life-forms that existed during the Paleozoic Era included ____.

answer

fish, trilobites, and reptiles

question

The end of the Paleozoic Era was signaled by ____.

answer

mass extinction of land and sea animals

question

A life-form that evolved during the ____ Era was the dinosaur.

answer

Mesozoic

question

Which trilobite characteristic did not change through time?

answer

3-lobed body

question

Trilobites are index fossils because they ____.

answer

changed slowly through time, lived over large areas of the world, and exhibit specific characteristics

question

Changes in the trilobite exoskeleton can be attributed to ____.

answer

changing environments and competition for survival

question

Plate tectonics may affect organic evolution because movement of plates may cause a change in ____.

answer

the environment

question

Pangaea separated into ____.

answer

two large landmasses

question

Angiosperms are the dominant land plant today because they developed ____.

answer

hard seed coats

question

Little is known about much of Earth's early history because ____.

answer

precambrian rocks have been deeply buried, precambrian rocks have been changed by heat and pressure, and precambrian soft-bodied life-forms weren't often preserved as fossils

question

Reptiles evolved from an ancestor of amphibians that developed a(n) ____.

answer

egg with a strong outer shell that kept it from drying out

question

Dinosaurs are thought to have been protective of their young because ____.

answer

they might have been warm-blooded

question

Animal life in the Paleozoic Era included all of the following EXCEPT ____.

answer

humans

question

Animal life in the Cenozoic Era includes ____.

answer

marine life, birds, and mammals

question

____ on the geologic time scale are marked by major, striking, and worldwide changes in the type of fossils present.

answer

eras

question

Only epochs in the ____ Era(s) have been given specific names.

answer

Cenozoic

question

The division of Earth's history into smaller units makes up the ____.

answer

geologic time scale

question

If a species can adapt to a changing environment, or ____, its descendants will survive.

answer

evolve

question

____ is a process by which organisms with characteristics suited to the environment will survive and reproduce.

answer

natural selection

question

The change in environments that may have occurred at the end of the Paleozoic Era may have been caused by ____.

answer

plate tectonics

question

The ____ formed during the Paleozoic Era

answer

Appalachian Mountains

question

Scientists believe dinosaurs evolved from ____ during the Mesozoic Era.

answer

reptiles

question

The hard scales of reptiles' skin helped them to retain water, enabling them to adapt to the ____ climate during the Mesozoic Era.

answer

dryer

question

Humans first appeared during the ____ Era.

answer

Cenozoic

question

At 100C, water ____.

answer

boils

question

The amount of heat needed to change water from a liquid to a gas is called ____.

answer

the latent heat of vaporization

question

The amount of mass in ratio to volume is ____.

answer

density

question

The attraction between molecules is ____.

answer

cohesion

question

The ____ of a water molecule explains several of water's special effects.

answer

polarity

question

Surface water is found in ____.

answer

aquifers, streams, and soil

question

Water evaporates from oceans and lakes and rises into Earth's atmosphere as water ____.

answer

vapor

question

A stream can erode no deeper than its ____ level.

answer

base

question

____ streams have channels with many curves

answer

Meandering

question

Streams with bars, islands, and divided channels are called ____ streams.

answer

braided

question

The entire land area drained by a stream is called the drainage ____.

answer

basin

question

A ____ separates a drainage basin of one stream from the drainage basin of another.

answer

divide

question

The area that separates the drainage basins of eastern North America from western North America is called the ____ divide.

answer

continental

question

A ____ is formed by sediment deposited where a stream empties into a gulf or a bay.

answer

delta

question

When a mountain stream flows onto a flat plain, a fan-shaped deposit called a(n) ____ forms.

answer

alluvial fans

question

Nutrients from deep in the lake are forced upward toward the surface during the process called ____.

answer

turnover

question

Wetlands are defined primarily by their ____.

answer

vegitation

question

When a specific source of pollution cannot be determined, it is said to have a ____ source.

answer

nonpoint

question

The first legislation passed to protect freshwater in the United States from pollution was ____.

answer

the Rivers and Harbors Act

question

The ____, created in 1970, enforces water pollution limits.

answer

Environmental Protection Agency

question

The key to clean water is to reduce the amount of ____.

answer

pollutants

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