Science 2nd Trimester Exam – Flashcards
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| Matter |
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| Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| Chemistry |
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| The study of matter and how it changes. |
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| Substance |
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| A single kind of matter that is pure; it always has a specific makeup or composition. |
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| Physical Property |
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| A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. |
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| Chemical Property |
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| A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. |
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| Element |
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| A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means. |
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| Atom |
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| The basic particle from which all elements are made. |
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| Chemical Bond |
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| A force of attraction between two atoms. |
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| Molecule |
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| A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. |
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| Compound |
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| A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio. |
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| Chemical Formula |
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| Shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms. |
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| Mixture |
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| Made of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but their atoms are not chemically bonded. |
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| Weight |
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| The measure of the force of gravity on you. |
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| Mass |
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| The amount of matter an object has. |
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| International System of Units |
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| Used to measure the properties of matter. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram. |
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| Volume |
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| The amount of space that matter occupies. The SI unit of volume is the cubic meter. Volume = Length x Width x Height |
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| Density |
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| The measure of the mass of a material in a given volume. Can be expressed as the number of grams in one cubic centimeter. Density = Mass/Volume |
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| Physical change |
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| Alters the form or appearance of matter but does not turn any substance in the matter into a different substance. |
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| Chemical Change |
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| A change in matter that produces one or more new substances. |
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| Law of conservation of mass |
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| The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change. Also called the law of conservation of matter. |
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| Temperature |
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| The measure of how hot or cold something is. |
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| Thermal Energy |
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| The total energy of the motion of all the particles in an object. |
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| Endothermic Change |
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| A change in which energy is absorbed. |
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| Exothermic Change |
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| A change in which energy is released or given off. |
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| Chemical Energy |
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| The energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms. |
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| work |
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| Any time you exert a force on an object that causes the object to move some distance. Work = Force X Distance |
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| joule |
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| The SI unit of work named in honor of Prescott Joule. |
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| Power |
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| The rate at which work is done. Power = Work/Time |
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| Watt |
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| The SI unit of Power. |
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| Machine |
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| Devices that allow you to work in an easier way. They DO NOT reduce the amount of work you do. |
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| Input Force |
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| The force you exert when you do work. |
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| Output Force |
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| The force exerted on an object by a machine. |
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| Mechanical Advantage |
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| The number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it. Mechanical Advantage = Output force/Input force |
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| Efficiency |
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| The percentage of input work that is converted to output work. Efficiency = Output Work/Input Work X 100% |
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| Simple Machine |
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| The most basic device for making work easier. |
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| Inclined Plane |
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| A ramp; a flat, sloped surface. |
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| Wedge |
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| A device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end. |
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| Screw |
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| An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder to form a spiral. |
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| Lever |
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| A rigid bar that is free to pivot or rotate on a fixed point. |
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| Fulcrum |
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| The fixed point that a lever pivots around. |
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| Pulley |
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| A simple machine made of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. |
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| Wheel and Axle |
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| A simple machine made of two connected objects that rotate about a common axis. The object with the larger radius is the wheel. |
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| Compound Machine |
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| A machine that combines two or more simple machines. |
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| Energy |
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| The ability to do work or cause change. |
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| Kinetic Energy |
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| The energy an object has due to motion. Kinetic energy = 1/2 x Mass x Speed2 |
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| Potential Energy |
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| Energy that results from the position or shape of an object. |
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| Gravitational Potential Energy |
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| Potential energy related to an objects height. Gravitiational Potential Energy = Weight X Height |
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| Elastic Potential Energy |
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| Potential energy related to the shape of an object. |
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| Mechanical Energy |
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| The form of energy associated with the motion, position, or shape of an object. |
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| Nuclear Energy |
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| The potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. |
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| Thermal Energy |
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| The total kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object. |
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| Electrical Energy |
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| The energy of electric charges. |
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| Electromagnetic Energy |
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| The energy of light and other forms of radiation that travels through space in waves. |
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| Chemical Energy |
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| The potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
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| Energy Transformation |
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| A change of one form of energy to another. |
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| Law of conservation of energy |
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| States that when one form of energy is transformed into another, no energy is lost in the process. |
