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FOR

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frame of reference

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Parts of a FOR

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theoretical base, theoretical assumptions, function/dysfunction continua, indicators of function/dysfunction, postulates regarding change

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theoretical base

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concept drawn from various theories that support the use of the guideline

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theoretical assumptions

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statements that are knowledge based and are indentified as serving a foundation for the information looked at in this model

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function/dysfunction continua

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deficits addressed by the frame of reference

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indicators of function/dysfunction

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guide the therapst in the evaluation phase of the interview

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postualates regarding change

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guide the intervention used to treat the deficits

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Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

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humans are open systems to their environment. throughput makes up the human system & consists of violition, habituation, & performance

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Occupational Adaptation (OA)

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adaptation process occurs from interaction between the person & the occupational environment in response to occupational challenges

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Ecology of Human Performance

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interaction between the person & the context, affects human behavior & task performance, therapeutic intervention is aimed to restore, establish, alter, modify, prevent & or create performance ex. I think I can, so I can

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Person-Environment-Occupation

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(think 3 circles) occupational performance emerges from the overlap of three circles representing the transactional relationship between the environment-person-occupation which changes across the lifespan

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Frames of reference for physical Dysfunction

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rehabilitation, biomechanical, neurodevelopmental theory (ndt), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (pnf)

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rehabilitation (FOR)

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enable a person to acheive maximum level of function when the impairment is medically stable. intervention includes compensatory strategies and teaching-learning strategies to return patient to prior level of function

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biomechanical (FOR)

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addresses the body structure to address the impairment, occupational performance is regained as the body structure is healed ex. work on strength, endurance, range of motion

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Neurodevelopmental theory (NDT)

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targets the reorganization of the brain motor areas by positioning, inhibition, & facilitation of new movement patterns ex. brain cancer, cerebral palsey, stroke

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Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitaion (PNF)

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address movement patterns and postures ex. body won't move in the right direction; parkinsons (to help remember pnf=parts not functioning)

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Sensory integration (for, primarily pediatric)

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focuses on the smooth working together of all the senses to provide information needed for accurate perception & motor action. ex. autism, adhd, alzheimers

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Standards of Practice:

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1. Professional Standing and Responsibility 2. Referral 3. Screening 4. Evaluation 5. Intervention Plan 6. Intervention 7. Transition Services 8. Discontinuation

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OT Process

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1. Referral 2. Evaluation (includes screening) 3. Treatment Plan 4. Intervention Implementation 5. Program Discontinuation

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___________ established the Standards of Practice for OT practitioners.

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AOTA

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The Standards of Practice are client _______ and _____.

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centered, interactive

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The Standards of Practice are _______ to assist the OT practitioners.

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guidelines

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The Standards of Practice are _______ for the OT practitioners.

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requirements

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What is a referral?

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request for OT service

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Referrals can come __________ or ________ initial screening. (no touch)

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before, after

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Someone can be seen without a referral? True or False?

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True (seen not touched)

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The evaluation process includes ______ and _______.

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screening, assessment

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The evaluation process refers to the process of _____ and _______ data.

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collecting, interpreting

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Screening can be preformed by _______ healthcare providers.

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multiple

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In many cases the screening process is the _____ step in determining if OT services are warranted.

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first

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During the screening process information is gathered through:

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1. Observation 2. By interviews of patient and family members 3. review of patient chart and medical history

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What is the purpose of an assessment?

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1. determine patient's current level of function 2. identify deficits

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What information might the OTA need to provide the OT from the screening?

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patient's work history, educational history, prior level of function, structured interview

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The main concern in OT is _____ and uses activities to:__________, _________________, __________, _________

answer

Function Develop, improve, restore Compensate Minimize or prevent promote health and wellness

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In order for patients to participate in areas of occupation they must have the following performance skills: _____, ____, _______

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motor control, communication skills, cognitive processes

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Two other important areas that impact the performance of occupation are _______ and ________.

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personal patterns and external contexts

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An ________ helps to identify the patient's weakness, strengths, and needs.

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evaluation

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The _____ analyzes all the data and determines it the patient is appropriate for services.

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OT

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__________ helps to determine how much of a degree in change can be expected or possible.

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evaluation

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__________ allows OT to make outside referrals (home health, hospital bed)

answer

evaluation

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__________ helps OT determine what activities to use that will provide the most benefits.

answer

evaluation

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________ this process involves identifying the patients PROBLEMS and SELECTING GOALS.

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treatment plan

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The OT should use a problem solving process to set goals:

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1. problem identification (long and short goals) 2. Solution development 3. development of a plan of action 4. implementation of the plan 5. assessment of results

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The treatment planning process includes the following items:

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1. establish long and short goals 2. timeline or time when goals will be met 3. determine activities that will be used 4. identify specifics frames of reference to use 5. consider patient goals, values, culture 6. consider family/social support

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_____ patient participation during this process guarantees cooperation from the patient. DO NOT STEROTYPE!

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Active

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Outcomes of intervention must relate to _____ and ____.

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patient needs and priorities of the individual.

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Critical factors in effective treatment planning are _____ and ______.

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knowledge of different activities, and skill in activity analysis

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_______ term objectives are board and written to reflect expected outcomes.

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long

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List the short tem objectives (mini-steps):

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1. Relate to long term objectives 2. contribute to the achievement of long term objectives 3. must be achievable 4. must be measurable 5. serve as a record of improvement due to being met in a short amount of time.

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_______ _________ involves setting the problem and identifying the steps that are necessary to address the needs and deficits of the patient.

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treatment planning

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_____ ______ means putting the plan into action

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treatment implementation

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All treatment interventions are based on a ____ ______.

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treatment plan

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Supervision is a must during this step to prevent harm to patient. (fall risk, o2, bp issues)

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treatment implementation

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Need to modify treatment approach my require re-evaluation by ______

answer

OT

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Treat patients according to ______ level and ______.

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skill, comfort

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______ my contribute suggestions for treatment modifications.

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OTA

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Re-evaluation refers to repeating certain assessments and analyzing the findings these include:

answer

1. Rewrite goals 2. reestablish time frames 3. discontinue OT service the OT may delegate certain aspects of the reevaluation to the OTA 4. Comparison of initial data/finding at reevaluation findings determine progress or lack of.

question

Discontinue treatment intervention when:

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1. goals met 2. when patient is not making progress 3. change in medical status 4. patient or family request

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______ contributes to the discharge summary by providing valuable input in reference to the patient status and performance.

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OTA

question

The OTA may perform the following duties during discharge:

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1. provide home based program instructions 2. identify community resources 3. identify key personnel for follow-up 4. recommend environmental adaptations and assistive devices.

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_______ means engaging in purposeful activity.

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occupation

question

Occupation provides a person with feelings of _______ and _____________ throughout life.

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purpose and self-esteem

question

The _______ and __________ enable people to function as central part of a larger whole.

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activities and occupations

question

The word occupation in the professional title refers to:

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goal directed use of time, energy, interest, and attention

question

The three main types of occupations that are necessary for the achievement of optimal performance and quality of life:

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ADL, work, leisure

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__________ fundamental concern is developing and maintaining the capacity to perform, with satisfaction to self and others, the tasks and roles essential to productive living and mastering self and the environment through the life span.

answer

OT'S

question

Occupations reduce the ______ and ______ independence by skills acquisition (bathing, dressing, feeding)

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disability and promote

question

OT is the art and science of directing the individuals participation in selected tasks to _______, _______, and ______ performance

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restore, reinforce, and enhance

question

OT focuses on skills and functions essential for:

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1. Adaptation and production 2. Diminishing or correcting pathology 3. Promoting and maintaining health

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OT provides services to people or groups whose abilities to cope with tasks of living are threatened or impaired by:

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1. Developmental deficits 2. The aging process 3. Physical injury 4. Illness 5. Psychological and social disabilities

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Things to consider when individualizing treatment:

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1. environment 2. Society 3. Change 4. prevention

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_____ includes all the factors that provide input to the individual.

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environment

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Each individual has TWO environments that constantly provide input ____________ and __________

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external and internal

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Name 3 external environments.

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1. Climate (cold/hot) 2. Community ( rural, urban and suburban) 3.Economic status (both community and individual)

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_________ environment provides feedback to the individual informing them on how to respond to external environments.

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internal

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Name 4 internal environments.

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1. Moods 2. Emotional states 3. Self image 4. Phobias

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The _________ environment remains long after the ______ environment has changed.

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internal, external

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People form groups and communities where they tend to perpetuate their __________ and ________.

answer

culture and lifestyles

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_______ are patterns of BEHAVIOR that is common to many members of a particular group.

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customs

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The group rules are _______ BUT they get passed down from generation to generation.

answer

unwritten

question

__________ are inherited patterns of THOUGHT or ACTION that can be handed down through generations or can develop in singular family units.

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traditions

question

What is an example of superstitions?

answer

black cat path, walking under ladder etc.

question

________, _______ and ______ are very personal and become part of the person's internal environment.

answer

values, beliefs, and attitudes

question

________, _______ and ______ develop via feedback from other people such as place of employment, leisure environments, sociocultural status, economic status and self image.

answer

values, beliefs, and attitudes

question

________, _______ and ______ develop through environmental transactions and influence lifestyles.

answer

values, beliefs, and attitudes

question

The relationship between humans and the environment goes far beyond the simple stimulus _______ _____

answer

response theory

question

The indicators of _______/___________ guide the therapist in the evaluation phase of the intervention.

answer

function/dysfunction

question

Frames of reference for psychosocial function:

answer

role acquisition behavioral FoR Psychodynamic FoR Cognitive/Behavioral FoR

question

Pediatric- Focused FoR

answer

Motor skills acquisition, sensory integration

question

Cognitive/Perceptual FoR

answer

Cognitive Rehab Dynamic Interactional Neurofunctional Approach

question

Models used in OT

answer

Client Centered Model Model of Human Occupation Occupational Adaptation Occupational Science

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