Rise Of Popular Sovereignty Answers – Flashcards
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Government
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The mechanism through which group decisions are reached and enforced
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Anarchy
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The absence of government. Often thought of as a state of chaos, but not necessarily so
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Popular Sovereignty
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The idea that people should control the government.
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Popular Sovereignty
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The idea that people should control the government.
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Bands
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Small, nomadic groups of people who make decisions together (egalitarian)
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Tribes
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A small group of people based in a village who may make decisions together (egalitarian) or through the help of a "big man" (a person who rises to high influence based on their own qualities)
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Cheifdoms
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Large, homogenous groups of people who may be spread out over a number of villages. Decisions are made by high class people (or a single leader) who has power based on birth right
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States
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Large, complex government structures, which run through bureaucracies. Citizens are not related to each other. They often cooperate based upon some ideology or religion.
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Absolute Monarchy
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A government in which all authority lies with a single leader, who often inherits his/her position and claims god has given them the right to rule.
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Democracy
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A system of government in which the governed participate in the decision making
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Direct Democracy
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A system of government in which the population makes rules together in person.
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Republic
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A government in which people elect their leaders. Usually an indirect democracy. NOT a monarchy of any sort.
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Indirect/Representaive Democracy
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A government in which people vote for leaders, who then make the rules.
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Plutocracy
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Rule by the most wealthy.
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Arstocracy
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Government controlled by a few group of noble people
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Oligarchy
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A government controlled by a few (generally wealthy or powerful) people
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Despotism
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A ruler who holds absolute power. Usually has very negative connotation.
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Renaissance
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A cultural movement that began in Italy in about 1400. At this time the teaching of the ancient Greeks and Romans was "reawaken". Emphasized in individualism over society (the church).
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Reformation
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A movement to change/improve the Catholic church (the only Christian Church in Europe at the time). Began in Germany in 1500. Martin Luther was a leader.
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Geocentric
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The theory that earth at the center of the universe
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Heliocentric
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The theory that the sun is at the center of the universe. The debate over these theories was the beginning of the scientific revolution.
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Scientific Method
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An approach to knowledge which involves relies on observation of the world and collect of data. Question, hypothesis, data collection, revision of hypothesis.
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Scientific Revolution
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A period of history in Europe (1500s) when traditional ways of knowing things (mostly based on religion and the Greek/Roman Classics) where overthrown in favor of the scientific method.
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Scientific Revolution
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The starting point was Galileos observations of the heavens.
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The Enlightenment
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Otherwise known as the Age of Reason.
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The Enlightenment
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The period of time (1700s) when the curiosity and rationality of the scientific revolution was applied to all areas of life—religion, government, economics, art, etc.
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Divine Right of Kings
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The ancient idea, clearly articulated by King James of England in 1600, that monarchs ruled as the "lieutenants of god on earth." Not common in bands and tribes, but pervasive in chiefdoms and states.
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Magna Carta
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In 1215 King John of England was essentially forced to sign this document, which gave citizens of England certain "natural rights" such as trail by jury.
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The English Revolution
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A battle between the forces of the crown (King Charles I) and Parliament over supremacy in England. 1642 until 1649, when Charles was beheaded.
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Hobbes
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In 1651 he wrote Leviathan, in which he argued that it would be best for public order (and wealth) if all citizens agreed to give power to one sovereign power. An Enlightenment justification of Absolute Monarchy.
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Social Contract Absolutism
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Aka Leviathan
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Social Contract Absolutism
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Hobbes idea that citizens can choose to be lead by an absolute monarch.
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The Glorious Revolution
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Parliament invites a William of the Netherlands to be the new king 1688. But when he is crowned, he is given limited powers. When he signs the "Bill of Rights" in 1689 England becomes a constitutional monarchy.
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Constitutional Moncarchy
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A country in which there is a king/queen, but their power is limited by a set of rules and an elected government.
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John Locke
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An English philosopher who wrote a famous liberal theory of government called "The Second Treatise on Government"
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Liberalism
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A philosophy based on the idea that the rights of the individual are most important
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Rousseau
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A French political philosopher who wrote "The Social Contract" in 1762 in France. He believed that human beings can be corrupted or improved by government, which should be some sort of direct democracy.
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Rousseau
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According to this philosopher, governments should be guided by "the general will" of society. No one, however, retains the right to dissent from the general will.
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General Will
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A very unclear term coined by Rousseau. Often interpreted to mean those desire help in common by society.
