Review ATI Nursing Care of Children – Flashcards
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Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
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against Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
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against Meningococcal bacteria to prevent meningococcal meningitis and meningococcal
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ASO titer
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anti-streptolysin titer indicates that the child had a recent strep infection
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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used to treat pinworms and given in 2 dosages 2 weeks apart.
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What is a complication with oral steroids?
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can slow linear growth so inhaled steroids are preferred because no immunosuppression or adrenal suppression
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What is a ventricular septal defect?
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a hole in the septal wall between the ventricles which will cause a murmur over the left sternal border
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What immunization is contraindicated to an HIV client?
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HIV is susceptible to infection and must be immunized except oral polio vaccine (Give them IM polio vaccine
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Reference range for potassium
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3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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What is the therapeutic effect of prednisone in nephrotic syndrome?
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helps to decrease excretion of proteins so allows fluid to shift back into the extracellular spaces thus decreasing edema
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Lab manifestations for acute glomerulonephritis
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hematuria
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What is a medical emergency post cardiac catherization?
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any bleeding at the entry site could be a potential hemorrhage
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How is asthma managed?
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by administering inhaled steroids daily even when there are no manifestations.
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What are the adverse effects of methylphenidate?
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weight loss
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pediculosis is
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head lice
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tinea pedis
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ring worm (fungal infection)
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methotrexate
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CLASS: antineoplastics, antimetabolites, immunosuppression TX: neoplasms, carcinoma, psoriasis, RA, JIA, lymphoma A/E: anorexia, D/N/V, stomatitis, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, nephropathy *Get baseline LFT
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What is Burow's solution used for?
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to remove the crusts formed by impetigo (1:20 ratio)
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Reference range for hemoglobin
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12-16 g/dl
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Famotidine (Pepcid)
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CLASS: antiulcer, histamine 2 antagonists TX: abdominal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, decrease gastric acid A/E: confusion, constipation, thrombocytopenia
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pertussis
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whooping cough
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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common cold
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Stage 1 Lyme disease
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skin rash
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Stage 3 Lyme disease
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deafness memory loss encephalopathy
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Mononucleosis
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caused by Epstein-Barr virus
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Manifestations of nephrotic syndrome
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hyperalbuminuria
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What is the position for a newborn during a myelomeningocele repair?
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newborn's legs in abduction to counteract hip subluxation
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Medication for hypopituitarism?
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growth hormone injections
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Desmopressin used
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to treat hyposecretion antidiuretic hormone
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medication to tx hypothyroid conditions
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levothyroxine
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Clinical manifestations for Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
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fever, fatigue, red rash on the face
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hyperprexia
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high fever
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What type of oral rinses should be used for mucositis?
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normal saline oral rinse to cleanse and sooth the mouth
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Foods to avoid as part of the celiac diet
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BROW Barley Rye Oat Wheat
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Nursing consideration for a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
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position the child flat to prevent rapid reduction of intracranial pressure
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Clinical manifestations of spastic CP
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hypertonicity fine gross and motor skills challenge
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Clinical manifestations of dyskinetic CP
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Drooling uncontrollable movements of the face and extremities
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Nursing priority for postop cleft lip repair
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apply petroleum jelly to the operative site
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Diabetes insipidus: (DI)
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disorder of the posterior pit inability to concentrate urine decrease ADH inadequate or ineffective vasopressin
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S/S of DI
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polyuria polydipsia symptoms of dehydration hypernatremia urine specific gravity < 1.005
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3 Ps of DM
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polyuria polydipsia polyphagia
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Tx for Neurogenic (inadequate) DI
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Desmopressin acetate DDAVP
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Tx for Nephrogenic (ineffective) DI
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Thiazide diuretics Indomethacin Amiloride
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Hyperparathyroidism:
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unable to reabsorb calcium = hypercalcemia = hypophosphatemia
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S/S for Hyperparathyroidism
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bone pain nephrolitiasis pathological fractures
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Tx for Hyperparathyroidism
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Vitamin D Phosphorus
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Hypoparathyroidism:
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inefficient calcium production = hypocalcemia = hyperphosphatemia
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S/S of Hypoparathyroidism
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irritable muscle rigidity, pain, stiffness seizures and twitching apneic episodes w/cyanosis Positive Chvostek sign
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Tx for Hypoparathyroidism
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Calcitriol Calcium Limit phosphorus foods
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Cushing's syndrome
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excess cortisol and glucocorticoid
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S/S of Cushing's syndrome
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weight gain and slow linear growth moon face hirsutism acne deepen voice delayed puberty irregular periods hyperglycemia
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Tx for Cushing's syndrome
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transsphenoidal hypophysectomy remove adrenal gland(s) and administer lifelong hormone replacement cortisol replacement therapy (hydrocortisone) give in the morning with anti-acid increase dose during illness
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3C's of EA and TEF
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Cyanosis Choking Coughing Abdominal distention bc of air w/TEF
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esophageal atresia (EA)
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failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous tube
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Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
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esophagus ends in a pouch or connected to the trachea by a fistula
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Complications with EA and TEF
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GI reflux Aspiration Stricture formation
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Nursing care for EA or TEF
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NG tube to pouch Suction as needed or continuous HOB slightly up IV fluids G-Tube
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Client manifestations for moderate dehydration
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? 6-9% weight loss ? Capillary refill between 2 and 4 seconds ? Possible thirst and irritability ? Pulse slightly increased with normal to orthostatic blood pressure ? Dry mucous membranes and decreased tears and skin turgor ? Slight tachypnea ? Normal to sunken anterior fontanel on infants
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Client manifestations for severe dehydration
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? Capillary refill greater than 4 seconds ? Tachycardia present ? orthostatic blood pressure can progress to SHOCK ? tented skin ? Hyperpnea ? No tearing with sunken eyeballs ? Sunken anterior fontanel ? Oliguria or anuria
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Why are children more prone to dehydration?
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Don't sweat Greater body surface are Higher proportion of ECF High metabolic rate Higher insensible water loss Unable to concentrate urine (kidneys mature at 12 yrs)
