Respiratory System Terms – Flashcards
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Glottis
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space (separates) between vocal cords.
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URI
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Upper Respiratory Infection- infection of nose, larynx & bronchi ex. Colds caused by a virus.
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Pharyngitis
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Inflammation of the pharynx- symptoms: sore throat & difficulty in swallowing.
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Laryngitis
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Hoarseness; inflammation of the "voice box" or larynx
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Rhinitis
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Inflammation of the nasal mucosa
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Sinusitis
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inflammation of air cavities (spaces)
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Bronchoscope
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Instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity.
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Tuberculosis
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an inflammation of lungs caused by Tubercle Bacillus, a bacteria known as "myobacterium tuberculosis"
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Apnea
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an absence of spontaneous respiration. ex. obstructive sleep apnea- repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep which leads to absence of breathing (pharynx-throat)
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Bronchitis
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inflammation of bronchi
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pulmonary edema
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fluid accumulation of the alveoli & brochioles
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tracheostomy
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operation of inserting a metal tube in the trachea
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anoxia
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lack of oxygen
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asthma
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condition of characterized by obstruction of bronchial tubes & dyspnea
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dyspnea
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labored or difficulty breathing
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medulla
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the portion of the brain that controls the respiratory center
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influenza
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highly infectious disease caused by a virus
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cyanosis
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bluish color of skin
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emphysema
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stretching of lung tissue, caused by alvelor becoming so distended and loosing elasticity
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asphyxia
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suffocation, lack of tissue O2 accompanied by increase in tissue CO2
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aspirate
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to withdraw fluid or to suction, to draw foreign material into respiratory tract
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suction apparatus
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instrument used to remove mucus & other substances from the respiratory tract
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pulmonary embolism
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foreign matter, such as blood clot, air, or fat carried in the circulation to pulmonary artery where it acts as a block
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phrenic
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nerve that supplies the diaphragm
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cystic fibrosis
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hereditary disease, characterized by excessive mucous in respiratory tract
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larynx
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"voice box" located just below the pharynx
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pneumonectomy
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removal of a lung
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pharynx
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scientific name for the throat
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influenza
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URI caused by a virus- "flu"
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virus
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the etiologic agent that causes a cold or flu
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hemoglobin
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iron containing protein that carries O2 in the blood
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alveoli
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small air sacs
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epiglottis
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leaf shaped, cartilage, partially covers the opening of the larynx. The epiglottis acts like a trapdoor, closing off the larynx during swallowing and preventing food from entering the trachea.
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Deviated septum
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a condition in which the nasal septum strays from the midline of the nasal cavity. sometimes congenital defect or results of injury or infection. may be surgically repaired
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endoscope
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instrument used for visual exam within a hollow organ or body cavity
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laryngoscope
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instrument used to examine larynx (voice box) or to help insert intubation tube.
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spirometer
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instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume). in other words it is used to measure volumes of air exchanged in breathing
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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dyspnea
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difficulty breathing
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hypernea
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exessive breathing
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cheyne-strokes
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cycles of alternating apnea & dyspnea associated with critical conditions
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respiratory arrest
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failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea
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hyperventilation
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rapid & deep respiration
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hypoventilation
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slow & shallow respirations
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hypoxia (anoxia)
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deficient (lack of) O2 tissue
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orthopnea
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ability to breathe only in an upright position
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coryzna or rhinorrhea
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discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
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epistaxis
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nosebleed
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pons
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region of the brain that contains respiration control center
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tidal volume
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amount normally breathed in or out with each breath (relaxed breathing)
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vital capacity
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the largest amount of air that one can breathe out in one expiration
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expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after expring the tidal volume
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inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
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amount of air that can be forcible inhaled after a normal inspiration
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residual volume (RV)
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air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
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rate
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usually about 12-18 breaths a minute; much faster during exercise
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surfactant
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a substance manufactured by special cells in the walls of the alveoli. it reduces the surface tension to prevent alveoli from collapsing (this important substance is not fully developed until shortly before birth- normally about 40wks after conception)
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tracheostomy
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the creation of an artificial opening into the trachea in which a tube is usually inserted.
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tracheotomy
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inscision into the trachea
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pneumothorax
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air in the chest (peural space) which causes collapse of the lung
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pulmonary edema
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fluid accumulation in the alveoli & bronchioles
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pleurisy
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is an inflammation of the parietal pleura, characterized by difficulty in breathing and stabbing pain
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atelectasis
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collapse of the lung for any reason is called atelectasis ex. pneumothorax- "air in the thorax" is the presence of air in the pleural space on one side of the chest from ex. a puncture wound to the chest wall or a rupture of the visceral pleura.
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Hemothorax
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the presence of "blood in the pleural space" both potentially life threatening unless medical treatment is received
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sinuses
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small cavities in the bones of the skull are lined with mucus membrane
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diaphragm
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separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. dome shaped muscle- flattens during inhalation.
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phrenic
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the nerve that stimulates the diaphragm
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tuberculosis
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chronic bacillus infection caused by "myobacterium tuberculosis". highly contagious transmitted through inhalation or swallowing of droplets contaminated with TB bacillus.
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pleura
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a membrane around the lungs
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visceral pleura
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the part of the pleura attached to the lung (closest to the organ)
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visceral pleura
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the part of the pleura attatched to the lung (closest to the organ)
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perietal pleura
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the part of the pleura attached to the chest wall
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hypoxia
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a reduced supply of oxygen to the tissues
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mediastinum
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the heart is situated in this space between the lungs
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diffusion
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the physical process by which gasses are exchanged in the body
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hilus
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a depression on the medial side of the lung where bronchus enters
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bronchiole
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the smallest division of the bronchus
