Reproductive System – Flashcards
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The reproductive system A) produces gametes. B) stores and transports gamates. C) nourishes gametes. D) all of the above E) A and B only
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all of the above
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Projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septae, divide the testis into A) seminiferous tubules. B) straight tubules. C) lobules. D) interstitial areas. E) the tunica albuginea and the testis proper.
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lobules
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The reproductive system includes A) gonads and external genitalia. B) ducts that receive and transport the gametes. C) accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids. D) all of the above E) B and C only
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all of the above
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Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the A) epididymis. B) ductus deferens. C) rete testis. D) efferent ducts. E) ejaculatory ducts.
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rete testis
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The rete testis is connected to the epididymis by A) the ductus deferens. B) seminiferous tubules. C) straight tubules. D) efferent ducts. E) ejaculatory ducts.
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efferent ducts
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The spermatic cord is A) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens and the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. B) a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity. C) the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum. D) a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. E) a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.
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a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens and the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
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The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the A) median raphe. B) spermatic cord. C) tunica albuginea. D) dartos. E) epididymis.
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tunica albuginea
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Interstitial cells produce A) sperm. B) inhibin. C) nutrients. D) androgens. E) androgen-binding protein.
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androgens
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The sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they A) maintain the blood-testis barrier. B) support spermiogenesis. C) secrete inhibin. D) secrete testosterone. E) secrete androgen-binding protein.
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secrete testosterone
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Sperm production occurs in the A) ductus deferens. B) seminiferous tubules. C) epididymis. D) seminal vesicles. E) rete testis.
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seminiferous tubules
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Sperm develop from stem cells called A) spermatogonia. B) primary spermatocytes. C) secondary spermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoa.
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spermatogonia
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As developing sperm cells begin the process of meiosis, they become A) spermatogonia. B) spermatocytes. C) spermatids. D) spermatozoons. E) Sertoli cells.
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spermatocytes
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The cells that are formed at the end of meiosis are called A) spermatogonia. B) primary spermatocytes. C) secondary spermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoa.
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spermatids
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The process of spermiogenesis produces A) spermatogonia. B) primary spermatocytes. C) secondary spermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoons.
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spermatogonia
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Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by A) hydrostatic force. B) ciliary action. C) peristaltic contractions. D) suction. E) segmental movements.
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peristaltic contractions
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The structure that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the A) ductus deferens. B) rete testis. C) seminal vesicle. D) epididymis. E) prostate gland.
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epididymis
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The structure that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the A) ductus deferens. B) epididymis. C) seminal vesicle. D) ejaculatory duct. E) corpus cavernosum.
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ductus deferens
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The tubular structure that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the A) prostate gland. B) bulbourethral gland. C) seminal vesicle. D) corpus cavernosum. E) preputial gland.
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seminal vesicle
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The structure that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the A) seminal vesicle. B) bulbourethral gland. C) prostate gland. D) preputial gland. E) Bartholin's gland.
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prostate gland
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A) seminal vesicles. B) prostate glands. C) preputial glands. D) Bartholin's glands. E) bulbourethral glands.
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bulbourethral glands
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Semen contains all of the following, except A) spermatozoons. B) seminal fluid. C) prostaglandins. D) spermatocytes. E) enzymes.
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spermatocytes
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Preputial glands secrete A) fructose. B) mucus. C) smegma. D) prostaglandins. E) hormones.
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smegma
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The external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum is the A) spermatic cord. B) raphe. C) tunica albuginea. D) acrosome. E) dartos muscle.
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raphe
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The male organ of copulation is the A) urethra. B) ejaculatory duct. C) penis. D) corpus cavernosum. E) corpus spongiosum.
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penis
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The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the A) ejaculatory duct. B) prepuce. C) corpus cavernosum. D) corpus spongiosum. E) penile urethra.
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prepuce
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The portion of the penis that surrounds the external urethral meatus is the A) prepuce. B) glans. C) corpus spongiosum. D) corpus cavernosum. E) corona glandis.
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glans
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The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the A) membranous urethra. B) penile urethra. C) glans penis. D) corpus spongiosum. E) corpus cavernosum.
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corpus spongiosum
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The erectile tissue that is located on the anterior surface of the flaccid penis is the A) membranous urethra. B) penile urethra. C) corpus spongiosum. D) corpora cavernosa. E) prepuce.
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corpora cavernosa
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The scrotum is A) the male organ of copulation. B) the site of sperm production. C) erectile tissue of the penis. D) a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus. E) superior to the glans penis.
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a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus
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The role of the pituitary hormone follicle-stimulating hormone in males is to A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. B) stimulate the sustentacular cells to produce inhibin. C) initiate sperm production in the testes. D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics. E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.
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initiate sperm production in the testes.
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The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is A) FSH. B) LH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) GH.
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LH
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The broad ligament is A) an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. B) a thickened fold of mesentery that supports and stabilizes the position of the ovary. C) a pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum. D) a structure that attaches the ovary to the wall of the uterus. E) a structure that extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.
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an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
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The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the A) uterosacral ligament. B) vagina. C) uterine tube. D) infundibulum. E) myometrium
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uterine tube
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The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the A) vagina. B) uterine tube. C) ovary. D) uterus. E) cervix.
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uterus
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The round ligaments extend from the A) base of the uterus and vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis. B) lateral surface of the uterus to the anterior surface of the sacrum. C) lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the base of the genitals. D) body of the uterus to the fundus. E) cervix of the uterus to the vagina.
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lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the base of the genitals.
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The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the A) isthmus. B) fornix. C) fundus. D) body. E) cervix.
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cervix
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The muscular layer of the uterus is the A) endometrium. B) perimetrium. C) myometrium. D) uterometrium. E) sarcometrium.
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myometrium
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each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that A) at the time of birth the ovaries contain only primary oocytes. B) ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. C) an ovum will only complete meiosis if it is fertilized. D) oogenesis occurs continuously from puberty until menopause. E) the first meiotic division is completed just prior to ovulation.
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oogenesis occurs continuously from puberty until menopause.
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The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers A) follicle maturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia.
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ovulation
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A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for A) follicle maturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia.
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follicle maturation
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The average length of the menstrual cycle is A) 10 days. B) 14 days. C) 21 days. D) 28 days. E) 35 days.
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28 days
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During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, A) ovulation occurs. B) a new functional layer is formed in the uterus. C) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. D) the old functional layer is sloughed off. E) the corpus luteum is formed.
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new functional layer is formed in the uterus
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During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle A) ovulation occurs. B) a new uterine lining is formed. C) glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion. D) the old functional layer is sloughed off. E) the corpus luteum is formed.
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glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion.
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During the menses A) ovulation occurs. B) a new uterine lining is formed. C) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. D) the old functional layer is sloughed off. E) the corpus luteum is formed.
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the old functional layer is sloughed off.
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All of the following are true of the vagina, except that it A) serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids. B) receives the penis during coitus. C) holds spermatozoa prior to their passage to the uterus. D) forms the lower portion of the birth canal. E) loses a portion of its lining during menstrual flow.
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loses a portion of its lining during menstrual flow
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The vagina is A) a central space surrounded by the labia minora. B) the inner lining of the uterus. C) the inferior portion of the uterus. D) a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. E) a tube that carries ova from the ovary to the uterus.
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a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia.
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The vulva includes all of the following, except the A) mons pubis. B) fornix. C) labia minora. D) clitoris. E) labia majora.
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fornix
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In the mammary gland, milk production occurs in the A) lobes. B) lobules. C) lactiferous duct. D) lactiferous sinus. E) lactiferous adipose tissue.
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lobules
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The central space bounded by the labia minora is the A) fornix. B) vestibule. C) hymen. D) clitoris. E) isthmus.
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vestibule
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Fleshy folds that encircle and partially conceal the labia minora and vestibular structures is(are) the A) fornices. B) ampullae. C) labia majora. D) mons pubis. E) hymen.
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labia majora
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The clitoris is A) a thin epithelial fold that partially or completely blocks the entrance to the vagina. B) a fleshy fold that encircles the vestibule. C) a mound of fat that is superior to the pubis. D) a mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the labia minora. E) a shallow recess that surrounds the cervical portion of the vagina.
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a mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the labia minora.
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The generally dark, pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the A) clitoris. B) fornix. C) zona pellucida. D) hymen. E) areola.
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areola
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The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is A) LH. B) FSH. C) progesterone. D) estradiol. E) estrogen.
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progesterone
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Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of A) FSH. B) LH. C) relaxin. D) estrogen and progesterone. E) human chorionic gonadotropin.
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estrogen and progesterone
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The developing follicle cells secrete A) estrogens. B) progesterone. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GnRH.
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estrogens
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The hormone estradiol does all of the following, except that it A) stimulates bone and muscle growth. B) maintains female secondary sex characteristics. C) stimulates the symptoms of menopause. D) maintains functional accessory reproductive glands and organs. E) initiates repair and growth of the endometrium.
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stimulates the symptoms of menopause
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Emission A) occurs under parasympathetic stimulation. B) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla. C) is responsible for propelling spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract. D) involves contractions of the ischiocavernosus muscle. E) both C and D
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both C and D
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Contractions of the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles result in A) erection. B) emission. C) ejaculation. D) detumescence. E) orgasm.
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ejaculation
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For erection and ejaculation to occur A) there must be sufficient blood hydrostatic pressure. B) the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the nervous system must be properly functioning. C) the urinary sphincters must be open. D) all of the above E) A and B only
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A and B only
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All of the following occur at puberty in both sexes, except that A) levels of FSH increase while levels of LH decrease. B) gametogenesis begins. C) secondary sex characteristics begin to appear. D) a sex drive develops. E) both A and B
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levels of FSH increase while levels of LH decrease.
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At menopause all of the following occur, except that A) menstrual cycles cease. B) ovarian cycles cease. C) the ovaries swell. D) depression may set in. E) "hot flashes" may occur
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the ovaries swell
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During the male climacteric A) sperm production ceases. B) the penis shrinks. C) FSH and LH levels rise. D) sex drive increases. E) both A and B
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FSH and LH level rise
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The developing male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems? A) muscular B) urinary C) endocrine D) digestive E) integumentary
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urinary
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The _____ is the inferior portion of the uterus that extends from the isthmus to the vagina. A) body B) cervix C) myometrium D) fundus E) internal os
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cervix
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Which of the following contains major blood vessels of the ovary? A) suspensory ligament B) tunica albuginea C) ovarian ligament D) ovarian hilum E) uterine ligament
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suspensory ligament
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Which of the following can be found inside the spermatic cord? A) spermatic vessels B) nerves C) lymphatic vessels D) ductus deferens E) all of the above
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all of the above
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The partition that separates the testes is known as the A) scrotal cavity. B) plexus. C) dartos muscle. D) raphe. E) parietal layers.
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raphe
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Which portion of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary? A) ampulla B) anterior segment C) infundibulum D) posterior segment E) isthmus
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infundibulum
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Which of the following can be found inside the spermatic cord? A) spermatic vessels B) nerves C) lymphatic vessels D) ductus deferens E) all of the above
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all of the best
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The partition that separates the testes is known as the A) scrotal cavity. B) plexus. C) dartos muscle. D) raphe. E) parietal layers.
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raphe
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Which portion of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary? A) ampulla B) anterior segment C) infundibulum D) posterior segment E) isthmus
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infundibulum
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Which muscle draws the scrotal sac close to the body to control scrotal temperature? A) dartos B) inguinal C) cremaster D) ductus E) parietal
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cremaster
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The _____ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes. A) body B) cervix C) myometrium D) fundus E) internal os
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fundus
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A matched set of four chromatids is called a A) gamete. B) diploid. C) tetrad. D) haploid. E) somatic.
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tetrad
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What structure extends from the uterus to the medial surface of the ovary? A) suspensory ligament B) tunica albuginea C) ovarian ligament D) ovarian hilum E) uterine ligament
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ovarian ligament
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During which stage of spermatogenesis do the cells begin meiosis? A) spermatogonia B) primary C) first D) secondary E) third
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primary
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Which portion of the uterine tube increases in size as the tubule approaches the uterus? A) ampulla B) anterior segment C) infundibulum D) posterior segment E) isthmus
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ampulla
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During which stage of spermatogenesis are daughter cells produced? A) spermatogonia B) primary C) first D) secondary E) third
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spermatogonia
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During which phase of meiosis do duplicated chromatids separate? A) meiosis I B) prophase II C) meiosis II D) anaphase II E) both A and C
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anaphase II
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Which of the following occurs in mitosis? A) Physically mature spermatozoa appear. B) Fusion of nuclei occurs. C) One daughter cell from each division is pushed toward the seminiferous tubule. D) Gamete production results. E) Major changes in spermatids occur.
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One daughter cell from each division is pushed toward the seminiferous tubule.
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The primary oocyte and its follicle cell form in the A) cortex. B) ovarian follicles. C) primordial follicle. D) ovarian cycle. E) follicle cells.
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promordial follicle
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The ovaries connect to the blood vessels at the A) suspensory ligament. B) tunica albuginea. C) ovarian ligament. D) ovarian hilum. E) uterine ligament.
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ovarian hilum
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Which phase is known as equational division? A) meiosis I B) prophase II C) meiosis II D) anaphase II E) both A and C
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meiosis 2
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The segment of the uterine tube that connects to the uterine wall is the A) ampulla. B) anterior. C) infundibulum. D) posterior. E) isthmus.
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isthmus
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The ovarian follicles are specialized structures found in the A) cortex. B) ovarian follicles. C) primordial follicle. D) ovarian cycle. E) follicle cells.
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cortex
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Daughter cells are known as _____ cells. A) gamete B) diploid C) tetrad D) haploid E) somatic
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diploid
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Seminal fluids contain all of the following, except A) prostaglandins. B) protein. C) fructose. D) sperm. E) fibrinogen.
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protein
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A typical ejaculation releases approximately _____ sperm. A) 1 million B) 300 million C) 100,000 D) 500 billion E) 1 billion
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300 million
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The broad ligament attaches to all of the following, except the A) ovaries. B) uterine tubes. C) uterus. D) oviducts. E) urinary bladder.
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urinary bladder
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Which is the function of the ovaries? A) secretion of hormones B) production of oocytes C) formation of immature gametes D) secretion of inhibin E) all of the above
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all of the above
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What structure extends from the lateral surface of the ovary, past the open end of the uterine tube, to the pelvic wall? A) suspensory ligament B) tunica albuginea C) ovarian ligament D) ovarian hilum E) uterine ligament
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suspensory ligament
