question

In the Yoruba religion, personhood is developmental. It requires more than simply being born ( a baby is born with legs and arms and a head). To be a real person for Yoruba you have to be a contributing member of the community.

answer

true

question

Until recently, oral religions were often looked at as...

answer

primitive and undeveloped

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The Japanese people...

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seem to be a blend of several peoples

question

Sacred time for indigenous peoples is usually...

answer

cyclical

question

Indigenous religions today are especially threatened by

answer

destruction of habitat

question

In tradition Yoruba religion human are a combination of several spiritual elements. Which element is associated with the life principle (understood as breath)?

answer

Emi

question

divination is employed to

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read the past or look into the future

question

which of the following best describes the understanding of time common among indigenous peoples?

answer

rhythmic and cyclical

question

The sacrifice of an animal may occur...

answer

in order to placate a spirit after a taboo has been broken

question

Shinto...

answer

has helped the Japanese maintain a sense of their unique identity

question

important times in the development of the individual are often marked in indigenous religions by ceremonies. These are commonly called...

answer

rites of passage

question

Compared with indigenous religions, today's dominant religions are

answer

much younger

question

sacred time in indigenous religions is...

answer

cyclical

question

the belief that all elements of the world are inhabited by spirits or a spirit is called...

answer

animism

question

The Ifa corpus, an oral literature, is used to interpret the most common Yoruba divinations practice.

answer

True

question

It has been a traditional teaching that the imperial family is descended from what kami?

answer

Amaterasu

question

In the Yoruba religion the Gelede festival is one of the most important festival of the year and focus on father's ancestors.

answer

False

question

Christmas, though a Christian holy day, began as a celebration of

answer

the winter solstice

question

part of the accommodation between Shinto and Buddhism included

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a division of focus, with Buddhism associated with philosophy, death, and afterlife, while Shinto was called on for agriculture and fertility

question

Among the numerous kami are the powers of nature; spirits associated with particular places in nature such as trees, waterfalls, and mountains; the ancestors; and...

answer

animal spirits

question

The islands of japan, according to the creation story, are a sort of the-worldly heaven because...

answer

humans share the islands with divine beings who live there

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The teachings of indigenous religions are typically conveyed by all of the following except...

answer

sacred scripture

question

The supreme God in the Yoruba Religion is ______.

answer

Olorun

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The human problem as understood in the Yoruba religion is...

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lack of balance

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The emperor of Japan came to be considered a father figure for the whole country. This...

answer

seems to show the influence of Confucianism

question

Circumcision is a rite often associated with

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entry into adulthood

question

The Yoruban people are so interdependent on one another that their destinies are linked.

answer

True

question

A libation involves

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the pouring of a liquid on the ground as an offering

question

Although in most indigenous religions all of nature is sacred, the concept of a special sacred space is evident in all of the following except...

answer

Shinto Newgrange-Bru na Boinne Yoruba Lakota Indians

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Sacred space is often...

answer

a doorway through which the "other world" of gods and ancestors can contact us and we can contact them.

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Izanami and Izanagi created Japan when they stirred the ocean with

answer

a jeweled spear

question

in the Yoruba religion the "actual present" time is very wide and includes what has been experienced in the past and the immediate future (live in "the now").

answer

True

question

Izanagi searched for Izanami

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in the underworld

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The study of indigenous religions is made more difficult by the fact that teachings are often conveyed in ways that are ______.

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often without written records often very complex and intricate no longer are practiced

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Many Africans religion tell how the High God created the world and then...

answer

abandoned it

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in the Yoruban religion one is not born a person but becomes one as they find their place in the community.

answer

True

question

Dancers often wear masks...

answer

in order to become the spirit represented by the mask.

question

Indigenous religions...

answer

frequently make little or no distinction between a god and anancestor

question

in many Native American religions...

answer

human beings and animals are often viewed as coming into existence together.

question

During the Meiji Restoration, Shinto became tied to growing nationalism through...

answer

an emphasis on the divine origins of the emperor

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The vision quest in Native American religions...

answer

is frequently undergone during adolescence

question

In the Yoruban world view of the understand of the various parts that make up a human, the inner head is

answer

ori

question

the basis for the Japanese writing system came from

answer

china

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According to the power point lecture, what is the difference between an ecstatic experience and a religious experience?

answer

one transforms your life and the other does not

question

Belief in many gods is called _____.

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polytheism

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Pantheism is the belief...

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that all reality is divine

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In religious studies, the word myth means...

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a story that is a foundational or framing story that explains the way life is to be understood

question

The current modern world religions that we are going to study have all been effected by history, but their defining moments can best be described as coming out of which historical era?

answer

Axial-Age

question

Which Dutch Reformed Church clergyman left his religious calling, and became a famous impressionist artist?

answer

Vincent Van Gogh

question

That area of investigation that looks for and interprets religious evidence in ancient sites, buildings, and objects is ______.

answer

archeology

question

What is the central distinguish characteristic of a religious symbol?

answer

It enables people to participate in that to which it points

question

What dimension of religions helps to seek unmediated access to ultimate power?

answer

mysticism

question

Symbolic actions that create sacred space and time are called...

answer

rituals

question

According to William Young, the nature of reality has to do with...

answer

time and sacred space

question

According to William Young's phenomenological approach, questions related to the central human problem have to do with the perception of what a particular religion believes needs fundamental transformation.

answer

True

question

According to Karl Jaspers' the Axial Period took place around the globe during what period?

answer

800-200 b.c.e.

question

William Young's definition of religion is...

answer

human transformation towards a perceived ultimate

question

Religion looks at myths as false stories that can not be empirically proven.

answer

False

question

The myth of nature, harmony, and balance is associated with which of the following religions?

answer

Daoism and Confucianism, and Indigenous Religions

question

The central myth of liberation is associated with which of the following religions?

answer

Hinduism and Buddhism

question

The central myth of divine intervention into history is associated with which of the following religions?

answer

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

question

A person's concept of time is a philosophical/ religious assumption.

answer

True

question

Transformational truth as understood by a particular religion can include but is not limited to scientific truth.

answer

True

question

According to John Bargh of Yale, what shapes our interpretation of the world and guides us like a spiritual GPS?

answer

the unconscious mind

question

According to David Brooks, which of the tree steps in decision making determines the fundamental course you will take?

answer

the perception of the "problem" or situation

question

Transformational truth associated with a particular religion must be observable, knowable, duplicable, and able to be tested using scientific methods

answer

False

question

Religious symbols don't just point to something, they actually help you participate in that to which they point.

answer

True

question

Who was the philosopher who theorized that the role of religion fundamentally changed from cosmic maintenance to human transformation during the axial age?

answer

Jaspers

question

The conception of time that is found in religions that emphasize a creation, a cosmic purpose, and an eschatological end is ________.

answer

psychological

question

Myths, in the study of religion, are like framing stories that explain the way we are to look at the world.

answer

True

question

Young's study of religion focuses primarily on which disciplines?

answer

phenomenological, comparative, and historical

question

A particular religion's view of the human condition that believes that all that exist has spiritual power represents a view that Young calls ________.

answer

anthropocentric

question

A belief that one cannot know if god exists is called?

answer

agnosticism

question

In religion, what is the term for non-ritual behavior that is consistent with the experiences and convictions of a practioneer concerning what they consider ultimate power?

answer

morality

question

The ________ attitude is that all religions will be subsumed within one universal religion, for all religions point toward the same spiritual ultimacy.

answer

inclusive

question

_________ refers people who are willing to experiment with combining parts of different religions that they like.

answer

eclectic spirituality

question

Karl Jaspers is quoted as saying that, " Human experience coupled with emotional expression if the will to communicate."

answer

True

question

"...Environmental breakdown caused by our unsustainable global economy, and an economy that fails to respect environmental limits even as it succeeds in producing great wealth for about one-third of the world's population." From a Power Point, this is an example of...

answer

the prosperity crisis

question

"...The growing gap between the ultra-rich and the extremely poor, which prompts the poor majority to envy, resent, and even hate the rich majority--which in turn elicits fear and anger in the rich." From a power point, this is an example of...

answer

the equity crisis

question

"...The danger of cataclysmic was arising from the intensifying resentment and fear among various groups at opposite ends of the economic spectrum." From a power point, this is an example of...

answer

the security crisis

question

When "truth" comes to us from what is observable, knowable, and can be duplicated and tested it is called transcendent truth.

answer

False

question

When the truth comes to us from a reality outside of normal experience (from "above" or outside the observable world in which we live) then that is known as immanent truth.

answer

False

question

Young points out several possible reactions that religions have taken towards science. Identify all of the possibilities he identifies below. This may require that you pick more than one answer.

answer

Many people believe that religion and science are two competing incompatible ways of approaching the world, others stake out different territories for science and religion, science and religion are neither opposed nor separate but are rather interrelated and complementary ways to approach life, & science and religion are coming to the same basic insights from their different directions

question

According to William Young, the following is not considered a central question when describing a religion using the phenomenological approach...

answer

male and female imagery

question

According to Karl Jaspers' theory of the axial age the central function of religion changed from what to what?

answer

from an emphasis on cosmic maintenance to personal transformation

question

Traditional Chinese medicine teaches that illness is caused by blockages or lack of balance in the body's intrinsic energy called what?

answer

chi

question

Applying the notion of yin and yang, we could say that Daoism shows a special love for what?

answer

allowing things to develop naturally

question

The most important image to be found in the Daodejing, the image that best expresses its ideals, is what?

answer

water

question

Near the end of his life, Laozi (Lao Tzu) is said to have done what?

answer

left China riding on an ox

question

Daoists aim at enjoying a long life but also accept death. Why?

answer

death is a part of the natural order of things

question

Dao is the origin of what?

answer

the rhythms of nature

question

in the earliest times practitioners of Chinese divination used what?

answer

blood

question

What image is used by the Daodejing to express the difficulty of seeing in the Daoistic way?

answer

darkness

question

Laozi (Lao Tzu) is believed to have been employed as what?

answer

an archivist

question

The two dots of contrasting color inside the light and dark commas of the yin/yang symbol represent what?

answer

the seed of its oppisite

question

Confucius lived during what years?

answer

551-479 B.C.E.

question

after resigning or being forced out of a high office in administration of the duke of Lu, Confucius spent 13 years doing what?

answer

being a teacher

question

the Doctrine of the Mean is what?

answer

a short book on moderation and harmony

question

Menicius, a follower of Confucianism, taught that...

answer

human nature is innately "good"

question

Confucius's ideal society would live according to the ideals of the what?

answer

Five Great Relationships

question

Confucius hoped to do what?

answer

restore the social harmony of the past

question

in the view of human nature, the Confucianists believe what?

answer

see human beings as needing their characters shaped by education

question

The personal ideal or hero of Confucianism is who?

answer

noble person

question

What was the social climate in which Confucius lived?

answer

a time of social chaos

question

Mencius (Mengzi, Meng Tzu) believed what about human nature?

answer

Confucian with a positive view of human nature

question

Mao Zedong and the First emperor, Zin Shi share what view of human nature?

answer

naturally evil and in need of strict laws

question

The most fundamental relationship for Confucius seems to have been that between who?

answer

father and son

question

The virtue of filial piety means what?

answer

devotion to one's family

question

Which set of books became the principle cornerstone of both the Chinese educational system and the examination system for government officials?

answer

Analects

question

Complex Confucian etiquette shows respect to others, makes social interactions predictable, and what else?

answer

reflects the social position of its participants

question

The following school of thought regards the nature of human beings to be fundamentally good?

answer

Daoist

question

The following school of thought regards the nature of human beings to be fundamentally bad and in need of lots of rules and a strong authoritarian leader.

answer

Legalist

question

Which school of thought regards human nature as neither fundamentally good or bad but in need of cultivation and education?

answer

Confucius

question

In Confucianism humans, like all the rest of reality, are composed of the five basic elements. In other words, humans are a microcosm of the cosmos as a whole.

answer

True

question

Confucius taught that anyone could become an "ideal person" through a process of moral formation leading to harmony (ho).

answer

true

question

The primary inner virtue of humaneness, thoughtfulness, empathy, and kindness is called what?

answer

ren

question

A person with self-correcting wisdom is constantly evaluating his or her behavior against the standard of moral excellence of the "ideal person." In Confucianism this person would be called what?

answer

hsueh

question

Which arts listed below particularly contribute to the development of the harmonious society according to Confucianism?

answer

poetry, calligraphy, painting, & music

question

From a Confucian perspective one could say that we are our relationships.

answer

True

question

Which of the following are basic elements that are either yin or yang according to the East Asian worldview?

answer

metal, water, wood, & fire

question

What Daoist philosopher dreamed of being a butterfly then asked, "Am I a man dreaming that I am a butterfly, or am I a butterfly dreaming that I am a man?"

answer

Zhuangzi

question

"Religious" Daoism emphasizes the teaching that the "breath" of the Dao creates the yin/yan dynamic. What is this breath called?

answer

qi or ch'i

question

According to Daoism which of the following are necessary paths to follow if one wants to become a hsien?

answer

hygienic and dietary regime, alchemy, breath control techniques, sexual practices that involve the suppression of orgasm, & living a life of virtue

question

According to Daoist philosophy the fundamental problem that needs transformation is that we always want to go with the flow.

answer

False

question

According to Daoism, the Dao is the "nonbeing" from which all "being" comes.

answer

True

question

What is the notion of wu wei?

answer

to act without asserting oneself

question

The aspect of reality that expresses itself in silence, receptivity, and darkness is called what?

answer

yin

question

The Daodejing is known for what?

answer

deliberate obscurity

question

Confucianism has been especially concerned about what kind of relationships?

answer

between human beings

question

What are the Analects?

answer

the sayings and conversations of Confucius

question

During the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) what happened?

answer

Confucianism became the official philosophy of China, guiding its state policy

question

Which book is the most translated book in the world after the Christian Bible?

answer

Daodejing

question

According to Daoism's understanding of wu wei, one should have no ambitions, no desire for fame or power, no need to influence or dominate others.

answer

True

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