REL 100: Crossword terms – Flashcards
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Dao
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"way" or "path", "the Way of all things", rhythm of nature
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Qi
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"the One." the primordial energy, the breath of life, life force
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Yin
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dark, heavy, obscure, passive, earth, death, and feminine,
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Yang
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light, warm, airy, active, life, heaven, and masculine
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Li
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Sacred rituals, etiquette, propriety
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Shang Di
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Lord-on-High, ruler of the universe
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Daodejing
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"The Classic of the Way and its Power"
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Wu wei
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"non-action, " "inaction," "non-purposiveness", refraining from overly aggressive action
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Laozi
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Author of Daodejing
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Shen
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God of the Stove
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De
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Virtue
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Ru
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An intellectual movement rooted in the self-cultivation of moral virtue
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Kung fu-tzu
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Confucius is the Latin version of his Chinese name
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Analects
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The reputed sayings and conversations of Confucius
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Junzi
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Gentleman, sage, "ideal person"
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Ren
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humaneness; empathy
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Shu
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reciprocity
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Hsiao (Xiao)
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filial piety
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Cheng-ming
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the rectification of names
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Wen miao
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temples or "temples of culture" dedicated to Confucius
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Kami
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Spirit, god.
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Kojiki
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Earliest chronicles of Japanese history from the creation down to the middle of the seventh century.
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Nihongi
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Second Chronicles of Japanese history
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Izanagi
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He Who Invites, the male principle, a deity in the earliest chronicles of Japanese history
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Izanami
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She Who Invites, the female principle, a deity in the earliest chronicles of Japanese history
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Amaterasu
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the Sun goddess
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Bushido
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Code of honor for Japanese warriors
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Ise
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Major shrine to the Sun goddess
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Kamidana
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Shelf or home altar for the veneration of Japanese spirits
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Torii
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Gatelike structure. It marks the territory of a Shinto shrine
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Meiji
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Emperor who modernized Japan in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
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Eschatology
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Doctrines about the end of times and the end of life
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Exodus
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The Hebrews' migration from Egypt under the leadership of Moses
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Tanak
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Name for the Hebrew Bible
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Sabbath
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Day of prayer and rest (Saturday)
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Torah
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It refers to "law," "instruction," "teaching" based on divine revelation
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Neviim
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Prophets (second part of the Hebrew Bible)
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Kethuvim
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the Writings (third part of the Hebrew Bible)
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Hanukkah
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an early-winter Jewish Festival that recalls the rededication of the Second Temple
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Sadducees
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Priestly families in charge of the temple
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Essenes
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Semimonastic Jewish group usually associated with the Dead Sea scrolls
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Pharisees
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Jewish sect that believed in the authority of the Oral Torah and the resurrection of the dead
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Zealots
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First- century Jewish revolutionaries
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Rabbi
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Teacher of the Torah
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Saul
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First king of Israel
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Passover
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Festival that commemorates the Exodus
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Diaspora
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Dispersed people. It began with the Babylonian exile
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Mishnah
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Code of law compiled by Rabbi Judah around 200 CE
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Gemara
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Commentary on the Mishnah
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Talmud
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Codified Oral Torah (Mishnah and its commentary together)
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Halakhah
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"direction", legal material, commandments and rules for living in the codified Oral Torah
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Kabbalah
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Literally, it means "tradition", "received", "handed down." It has come to designate Jewish Mysticism
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Zohar
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Book of Splendor, a mystical commentary on the Torah, written in thirteenth-century Spain
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Hasidism
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Jewish religious movement that appeared in eighteenth-century Eastern Europe as a response to excessive Talmudic study and persecution
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BESHT
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Master of the Good Name, whose real name was Israel ben Eliezer (1700-1760), founder of Hasidism.
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Tzaddik
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Title meaning "Righteous Person" used for a wise master and leader of the Hasidim Haskalah
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Tallith
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Prayer shawl
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Minyan
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Quorum for a prayer service in a synagogue (10)
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Bar Mitzvah
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the coming-of-age ceremony for boys
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Kosher
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Ritually correct diet
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Rosh Hashanah
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New Year (September or October)
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Yom Kippur
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Day of Atonement
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Ashkenaz
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Jews of Northern and Eastern Europe
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Sepharad
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Mediterranean Jews
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Tefillin
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Phylacteries (small boxes containing Biblical scriptures)
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Midrash
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Interpretation, commentary of scripture
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Pogrom
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Attack against Jews
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Annunciation
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The appearance of an angel to the Virgin Mary to tell her that she would bear a son, conceived by the Holy Spirit to save the world
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Gospels
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Good News
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Icon
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sacred image in Eastern Orthodox Christian church
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Apocalypse
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Revelation about the dramatic end of the present age
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Ascension
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The ascent of Jesus to heaven forty days after his resurre
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Septuagint
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Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, made in Alexandria
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Eucharist
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The Lord's supper
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Canon
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List of authoritative scriptures
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Incarnation
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God became flesh in Jesus
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Lent
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Preparatory period before Easter. It lasts 40 days.
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Messiah
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The "anointed," the expected king and deliverer of the Jews; a term applied by Christians to Jesus
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Orthodoxy
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Eastern branch of Christianity. It also means correct belief.
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Trinity
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Concept of God as having three "persons" or three manifestations as Father (Creator), Son (Redeemer) and Holy Spirit (Revelator)
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Advent
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Month of spiritual preparation leading up to Christmas
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Christology
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Attempt to understand the nature of Jesus and his relationship with God
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Synoptic
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Refers to three similar books of the Gospels: Matthew, Mark, and Luke
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Transubstantiation
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Idea in Catholicism (but not in Protestantism) that wine and bread are mystically transformed into the blood and flesh of Christ during the Lord's Supper
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Pope
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It means "father" literally and designates the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church
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Indulgence
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Remission of time spent in purgatory in Catholicism
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Purgatory
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Intermediate after-death state in which souls are purified from sin
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Islam
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Submission to God
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Imam
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Prayer leader in Sunni Islam; one of the hereditary successors of Muhammad in Shiite Islam
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Muslim
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A person who submits to God and follower of Islam
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Muezzin
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Person who calls people to prayer
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Minaret
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Tower used by a chanter who calls people to pray
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Allah
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Arabic word meaning "the God" and used as a proper name for God
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Qur'an
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Islam's holy book meaning "recitation." It is understood as the direct Word of God.
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Sunna
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"well-trodden path" or the way of the ancestors in pre-Islamic Arabia. After Muhammad, it designated Muhammad's behavior and the pattern of life he established. It is one of the sources of Islamic law.
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Quraysh
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Muhammad's tribe
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Umma
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Community of the Prophet
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Sura
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Chapter of the Qur'an
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Salat
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Ritual prayer, an act of adoration of God
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Yathrib
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The city of Medina before the Emigration
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Hijra
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The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622
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Qibla
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The direction of the prayer toward Mecca
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Miraj
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Prophet's miraculous ascent to Heaven
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Caliph
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Religious and political leaders of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad
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Hadija
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Muhammad's first wife
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Abu Bakr
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First caliph or successor to Muhammad (also called "Rightly Guided")
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Umar
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Second caliph
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Uthman
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Third caliph
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Ali
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Fourth caliph, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law and husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima
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Fatima
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Muhammad's daughter
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Ashura
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Annual Shii festival to commemorate the martyrdom of Husayn
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Ulama
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Jurists and scholars of Islam
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Sharia
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Islamic law as a whole (= lit. the way to the water hole)
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Hadith
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Sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad
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Madhab
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School of jurisprudence
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Ijtihad
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Independent interpretation or personal reasoning applied to the development of legal opinions
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Zikr
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Devotional remembrance or repetition of God's names. It is one of the favorite meditation practices of Sufis
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Shaykh
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Sufi master
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Tariqa
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Sufi brotherhood formed by the 12th century
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Avicenna
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Central Asian famous philosopher and physician (980-1037) whose books served as textbooks in medieval European universities until the seventeenth century
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Zakat
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Almsgiving equivalent to 2.5 percent of people's wealth (it is one of the five pillars of Islam)
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Ramadan
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Fast during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet in one of the last ten nights of this month.
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Hajj
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Pilgrimage to Mecca. It is one of the five pillars of Islam.
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Shahada
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Islamic profession of faith: "There is no God, but God (ALLAH), and Muhammad is the messenger." It is one of the five pillars of Islam
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Shiites
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Partisans of Ali. They separated from the Sunnis over the status of Ali as the immediate successor to Muhammad.
