Reformation and explorers
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Theocracy
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A government controlled by religious leaders
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predestination
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the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power
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vernacular
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the everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage
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john calvin
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1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.
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martin luther
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German theologian who led the Reformation
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Henry VIII
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son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547
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anabaptist
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member of a protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be christian and believed in the separation of church and state
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indulgence
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a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic church, reducing time in purgatory after death
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council of trent
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a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers
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catholic reformation
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Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.
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Jusuits
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members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola
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Elizabeth I
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Reestablished Protestantism as the state religion of England and she led the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
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Anglican Church
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the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)
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Vasco de Gama
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established trad route between India and Portugal
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Ferdinand Magellan
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First to successfully circumnavigate the globe
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Hernan Cortez
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a Spanish conquistador who landed on the east coast of what we now know as Mexico in 1519; he was looking for gold and glory, became friends with the Aztec emperor and later killed him and many Aztec nobles
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Francisco Pizarro
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Found the Inca empire and conquered the Inca people
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John Cabot
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Established Britain in the new World and went to find a Northwest passage to the Indies and China.
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Jacques Cartier
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1491-1557 French explorer who began the first of his voyages to Canada in search of the NorthWest Passage. During his second voyage, 1535-1536, Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River as far as the present site of Quebec city. Cartier's voyages established France's claims to North America.
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Sir Frances Drake
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Traded slaves and sailed around the world going west. Considered to be a Pirate
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Samuel de Champlain
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French explorer who founded Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in North America
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Leif Erikson
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A Norwegian explorer of about the year 1000. He is said to have discovered a place n North America called Vinland. Several locations are possible for Vinland, including the Canadian province of Newfoundland and New England. He is sometimes called the European discoverer of America, instead of Columbus.
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Ponce de Leon
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Discovered and claimed Florida (Land of the Flowers) for Spain while looking for the Fountain of Youth. Discovered Puerto Rico
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Amerigo Vespucci
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The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him
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Marco Polo
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Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia.
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Henry Hudson
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Shorter trade to China and India thought northwest passage. Find passage east for the North pole and set out across the Atlantic to Quebec to the Hudson Starait
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Christopher Columbus
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An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the \"New World,\" even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the \"New World.\" The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503.
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Colombian Exchange
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the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
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Mercantilism
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A country's power depended mainly on its wealth
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What were some of the food items that traveled from the Americas to the rest of the World?
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Corn, tomato, potato, peanut, beans, peppers, pumpkin
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Why were colonies so important to the nations of Europe?
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They supplied raw materials, metals and markets for European goods, promoting favorable balance of trade for European nations.
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Positive and negative effects of Colombian exchange?
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Positive- different food, increases variety diet and improved nutrition. Negative- Warfare and disease.
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What reasons did Humanists give for wanting to reform society?
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Believed it was corrupt
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How did the study of the classics influence branches of learning such as history, literature and philosophy?
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Improved the information that was known about.
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What impact did Henry VIII's actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s?
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Separated the Church
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How did Elizabeth I bring a level of religious peace to England?
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People have a say in there church
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How did the Reformation set the stage for the modern world?
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Protestant churches grew; Catholic Church became more unified and established schools and universities; nation-states developed
