Quiz 6 – Flashcard
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A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and, thus, increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a
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skinner box
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The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was
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pavlov
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Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that phobias might be based on
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classical conditioning
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In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called
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successive approximations
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When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n)
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unconditioned response
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The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called
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spontaneous recovery
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In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the
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loud noise
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What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?
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punishment
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A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room. What is the cookie in this example?
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positive reinforcer
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a stimulus that is removed and, thus, increases the probability of a response
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negative reinforcer
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Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called
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classical conditioning
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The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is
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operant conditioning
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A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior. This issue of a token is an example of
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behavior modification
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It is even possible to become classically conditioned by simply watching someone else respond to a stimulus in a process called
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vicarious conditioning
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is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
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learning
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When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a ___________ schedule
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ratio
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When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as
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punishment by removal
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Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called
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latent learning
