Pulmonary Diseases II – Flashcards

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Chronic Bronchitis
answer

Excerssive mucas production

(starts in the upper-moves lower)

Hyperplasma & hypertrophy mucus-producing glands

prolonged exposure to irritants

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Chronic Bronchitis

Diagnosis

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Cought

Sputum

Effect on the alveoli

Normal diffusion

open to infection

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Chronic Bronchitis

SxS

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Dyspnea w/ airway resistance

Productive cough

Rhonchi

(Rhonchi in the Bronchi)

Peripheral edema (R sided HF-goes into lungs because the lungs are shot)

Cyanosis "Blue bloaters"

Finger clubbing;Hypoxema: overproduction of RBC

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Chronic Bronchitis

Findings

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Bulbous finger tips

Hypoxemia

Ploycythemia

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Emphyseam
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Slow progression 

smoking

allergens

respiratory infection

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Emphysema

 

results

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Decreased in alveolar surface

increase residual volume

reduction in arterial PO2

 

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Effects of decreased alveoli surface area
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Loss of surfacant

failure on supporting structures

increase in PCO2

'Barrel chested"

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Emphysema

SxS

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Pursed lip breathing

cough

wheezing & rhonchi

"Pink puffer"

dreased breath sounds

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Emphysema

 

Initial assesment

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worsting dyspena

Paroxysmall noturnal dyspnea (PND)

 

sputum production

generalized malaise

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Emphyseam 

appearance

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orthopnea

tripod position

purse-lipped breathing

accessory muscle use

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Emphysema

 

management

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IV access

O2

monitor VS, cad rhythms

visualize sputum is productive cough

assist ventilations

 

COPD adds to the wkload of the heart

 

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Emphysema

 

meds

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Albuterol

Alupent

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Asthma

 

Exacebrating factors

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Reactive airway disease

 

Extrinsic: Pollen, dust, pet dandra 2nd hand smoke

(little kids)

 

Instrinsic: Stress, fatague, physical exhertion)

(adults)

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Asthma

 

Pathoohysiology

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Acute eposides

Reversible airflow obstruction

-Bronchospasm

-Excess mucus

-Inflammation

 

Increase on resp system results in:

increase in ass muscle use & respiratory fatigue

 

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Asthma 

 

SxS

 

 

Breath sounds

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Tripod pos

Resp distress

ALOC

 

 

 

Expir & Insp wheezing

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Asthma

 

advanced SxS

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Diaphoresis & pallor

chest tight

short word strings

tachypnea

tachyvcardia

elveted BP

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Asthma

 

meds

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albuterol HHN

Epinephrine 1:1000 SQ

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Pulmonary function test (PFT)

 

test the severity of an asthma exacebration

measure the effectiveness of treatment

 

PFT based on patients

Age/sex/weight/respiratory effort

PFT can be an early detector to pending atk...

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Asthma

 

care

 

meds

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IV

high low O2

Assit vent

 

Albuterol HHN

Epinephrine SQ

 

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Pneumonia

 

causes

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Bacterial

Viral

Mycoplasmal

Aspiration

 

Risk factors

Cig smoking

prolonged exposure to cold: (homeless)

 

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Pneumonia

Viral & Mycoplasmal

 

pathophysiology

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Inflammation

Congestion

Hemorrhage

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Pneumonia

Viral

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Influenza A

Happens w/in small groups (i.e. soilders in barracks)

secondary bacterial infection

 

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Pheumonia

Mycoplasma

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Transmission: droplets (fungus)

Occurance: Yong adults, familes, households

RX: antibiotics

2ndary bacterial pneuonia

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Pneumonia

 

Haemophilus Influenza (type A)

 

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Viral pneumonia

 

SxS

cough

Pleurtic chest pain (chest tied in w/ breathing pattern, hard w/ this pattern)

 fever w/ chills

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Pneumonia

bacterial

 

Pathophysiology

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Sterptococcus Pneumoniae bacillus (aka strep throat)

 

 

Infection in the alveoli

Fluid & purulant sputum

Aspiration

 

SxS: Green / Yellow sputum

 

 

 

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Pneumonia

Aspiration

 

 

Pathophysiology

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Foreign material

 

Inflammation

 

 

Physiology effects

-Volume

-pH

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Pneumonia

nonbacterial

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Aspiration of:

Stomach contents

Toxic materials, chemical or inhalants

 

Bacterial:

Secondary complications

mortality

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Pneumonia

Aspiration

 

Predisposing risk factors

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ALOC

Head injury

seizure activity

AODA

depressed cough reflex

intubated patients

anesthesia

infection

shock /FB aspiration/near drowning

 

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Pneumonia

Aspiration

 

SxS

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Dyspnea

Cough

Bronchospasm

Decrease breath sounds

Wheezing/rhonchi/rales

Cyanosis

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Pheumona

aspiration

 

 

treatment

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ABC's

Airway support

High flow o2

ventilation ass PRN

IV fluids

 

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Continious Positive Airway Pressure

CPAP

 

Purpose

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To prevent airway collapse

to improve oxygenation & ventillation

transmits positive pressure throughout the respiratory cycle

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CPAP

 

when used

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CHF

pulmonary edema

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

sleep apnea

COPD

asthma

drwning pneumonia

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CPAP equipment
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CPAP ventilator

CPAP face mask w/straps

endotracheal tube

oxygen source w/connecting tubing

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CPAP

proceedures

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Resp setting

resp rate

Oxygen concentration (FiO2)

Tital Volume 

Peak pressure settings

Presure relief valve

PEEP

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