Public Speaking Mid-Term Chapters 1-14 & 21 – Flashcards
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What are the speech making process?
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1. consider the audience, 2. select and narrow your topic, 3. determine your purpose, 4. develop your central idea, 5. identify your main points, 6. gather support material, 7. organize speech, 8. rehearse your speech, 9. deliver your speech.
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What is audience analysis?
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its is the process of examining information about the people who will hear the speech. It is also a process of getting to know your listeners relative to the topic in the speech occasion.
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What should we do while we speak?
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Keep eye contact, notice facial expressions, restless movement, and none vernal responsiveness
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What is PSA?
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Public speaking anxiety
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What are the three kinds of illustrations?
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1. Brief illustration, 2.extended illustration, and 3.hypothetical illustration
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What are the two types of opinions?
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Expert testimony and literary quotation
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Operational Definition?
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A word or term that is not unfamiliar, but the way you are using the term is.
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What are the two types of analogies?
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1. Literal analogy 2. Figurative analogy
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What are the characteristics of oral style language?
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Oral is more personal, the style is less formal, and its more repetitious.
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What are the characteristics of effective language?
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Language you use should be concrete, to make sure the words you use are unbiased, use vivid words, use simple words, use words correctly.
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What is omission?
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Leave out a word or phrase that the audience expects to hear.
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What is inversion?
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It reverses the normal word order.
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What is suspension?
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It is using a key word at the end of the sentence rather than at the end .
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What is parallelism?
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When you have two or more phrases or sentences that have the same grammatical pattern.
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What is anti-thesis?
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Parallel structure but two parts contrast each other.
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What is alliteration?
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The repetition of a constant sound.
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What are the types of visual aids?
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1. objects, 2. model, 3. people
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What is guiding principle number one?
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Keep visuals out of sight of your audience until your ready to use them and remove them from sight when your done.
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What is guiding principle number two?
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Keep visuals out of the hands of the audience.
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What is guiding principle number three?
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Make your visual aid easy to see.
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If English is not a speaker's first language, which of the following should the speaker do?
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Practice difficult words in English.
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________ is a technique for combating pre-performance anxiety in which you allow your anxiety to present itself for up to a few minutes until you declare time for confidence to step in so you can proceed to complete your practice.
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Anxiety stop-time.
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In an outline, what kinds of points support main points?
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subordinate.
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Supporting material illustrates main points by ______ the speaker's main ideas.
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verifying.
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In this form of communication, the receiver is physically removed from the messenger, and feedback is delayed.
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mass communication.
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______ is the acronym for the fear associated with a speaker's communication to an audience.
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PSA
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Which part of a speech alerts audience members to your specific speech purpose?
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Introduction.
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If a speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages do not correspond, which cues are usually the most honest?
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nonverbal.
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Construction noise, automobile traffic, slamming doors, and poor ventilation are examples of....
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external listening distractions.
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Speakers who engage in dialog communication..
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approach a speech as an opportunity to achieve understanding with audience members.
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______ involves evaluating evidence, analyzing assumptions and biases, and assessing the speaker's reasoning.
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Critical thinking.
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A speech is successful when the speaker and listener ______ the meaning of the speech.
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co-create.
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Daydreaming, fatigue, illness, and strong emotions are examples of..
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internal listening distractions.
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The study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another, is termed..
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ethics.
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Topic mapping is a ____________ technique.
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brainstorming.
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The ______ concisely identifies, in a single declarative sentence, what the speech is about.
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thesis statement.
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Which of the following techniques can a speaker use when listeners are negatively disposed toward his or her topic?
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give good reasons for developing a positive attitude toward the topic.
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Abandoning your convictions in order to appeal to the audience is known as..
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pandering.
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According to Richard D. Lewis, which culture's members are people-oriented, are extroverted, and tend to do many things at once?
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multi-active cultures.
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According to Geert Hofstede, which cultures structure life more rigidly and formally for their members?
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high-uncertainty avoidance cultures.
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The purpose of a(n) ______ speech is to increase the audience's understanding and awareness of a topic.
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informative.
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Socioeconomic status includes..
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income, occupation, and education.
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Special occasion speeches include all of the following except..
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class lectures.
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Which type of average provides the center-most score in a distribution?
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median
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Plot, characters, setting, and a time line are all essential to
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storytelling
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The portion of the Web that general search engines often fail to find is called the
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invisible web
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AND, OR, and NOT are examples of
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Boolean operators.
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When citing source material in a bibliography, the speaker should record several important elements, including
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the title and year of publication.
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GPO stands for
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Government Printing Office
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Effective examples for a speech may be all of the following except
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extraneous
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Effective interview questions
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don't lead the interviewee to a desired response.
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Some engines and directories accept fees from companies in exchange for higher ranking within search results. This is called
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paid placement
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Which of the following are the most widely used formats for documenting sources?
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APA, MLA, and Chicago
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If a medical doctor provides cutting-edge information on the threat of cholesterol, she is providing which type of supporting material?
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expert testimony
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A source qualifier
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is a brief description of the source's qualifications
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Which type of example offers a multifaceted illustration of an idea, item, or event?
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extended
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Meta-search engines
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scan a variety of individual search engines simultaneously
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Speakers need not credit sources for ideas that are
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common knowledge
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Three of the most commonly used systems of reference are
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APA, MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style
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The phrase "Pulitzer-Prize-winning author" is
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a source qualifier
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To describe or explain the physical arrangement of a place, a scene, or an object, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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spatial
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The final step in creating a working outline is to
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assign the speech a title.
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Identify what type of transition is demonstrated by the following sentence: Now that we've established a need for the blood-bank drive, let's look at how the blood drive will benefit our community.
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"restate-forecast"
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Conjunctions, phrases, or single words such as Next,... or First,... are called
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signposts
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To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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chronological
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Which of the following outlines uses partial construction of the sentence form of each point?
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phrase
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Research indicates that audiences prefer speeches that contain ______ main points
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two to seven
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To stress natural divisions in a topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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topical
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Which of the following expresses the goal of the speech?
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specific purpose statement
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The body of a speech consists of
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main points, supporting points, and transitions.
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Organizing the speech is also called ______ by classical rhetoricians.
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arrangement
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Ideas that are coordinate are given _____ weight
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equal
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To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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casual
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Which of the following outlines uses a few cue words associated with each speech point?
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keyword
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To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and to provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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problem-solution
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Which of the following outlines is an in-process document a speaker uses to organize and firm up main points and decide which supporting materials will best substantiate them?
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working
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A full-sentence format is best suited for which of the following outlines?
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working
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If a speech consists of a story or series of short stories, which pattern of organization is the speaker using?
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narrative
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One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this is
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repetition
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Speeches about ______ refer to a series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result.
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processes
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When the speaker reiterates each main point in the conclusion, audience members?
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mentally check off what they have heard during the speech
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"His character plays a rocking, rolling, roaring, raging role." This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques?
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alliteration
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Defining one term by comparing it to another term that has an equivalent meaning is called
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definition by synonym
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A concluding challenge by a speaker that asks an audience to act in response to the speech or change their beliefs or actions is termed a
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call to action
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An effective introduction should
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introduce the speech topic and purpose
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Generally, the introduction should be brief and occupy no more than ______ percent of the overall speech.
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10 to 15
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One function of a speech introduction is to
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arouse the audience's attention
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A speaker who uses vivid imagery
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encourages listener involvement
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Using a story as a speech introduction
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personalizes issues
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Speeches about ______ explore anything that is not human, but is animate or inanimate.
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objects or phenomena
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Which type of informative speech has the greatest potential to cross over into the persuasive realm?
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speeches about issues
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______ learners learn best by experiencing information directly, through real-life demonstrations, simulations, and hands-on experience
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Kinesthetic
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During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her
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qualifications
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Which technique can help a speaker prepare his or her speech to be heard rather than read?
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experimenting with sentence fragments
