Public Speaking Mid-Term Chapters 1-14 & 21 – Flashcards
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What are the three kinds of illustrations?
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1. Brief illustration, 2.extended illustration, and 3.hypothetical illustration
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What are the two types of opinions?
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Expert testimony and literary quotation
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Operational Definition?
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A word or term that is not unfamiliar, but the way you are using the term is.
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What are the two types of analogies?
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1. Literal analogy 2. Figurative analogy
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What are the characteristics of oral style language?
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Oral is more personal, the style is less formal, and its more repetitious.
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What are the characteristics of effective language?
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Language you use should be concrete, to make sure the words you use are unbiased, use vivid words, use simple words, use words correctly.
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What is omission?
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Leave out a word or phrase that the audience expects to hear.
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What is inversion?
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It reverses the normal word order.
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What is suspension?
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It is using a key word at the end of the sentence rather than at the end .
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What is parallelism?
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When you have two or more phrases or sentences that have the same grammatical pattern.
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What is anti-thesis?
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Parallel structure but two parts contrast each other.
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What is alliteration?
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The repetition of a constant sound.
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What are the types of visual aids?
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1. objects, 2. model, 3. people
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What is guiding principle number one?
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Keep visuals out of sight of your audience until your ready to use them and remove them from sight when your done.
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What is guiding principle number two?
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Keep visuals out of the hands of the audience.
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What is guiding principle number three?
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Make your visual aid easy to see.
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If English is not a speaker's first language, which of the following should the speaker do?
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Practice difficult words in English.
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________ is a technique for combating pre-performance anxiety in which you allow your anxiety to present itself for up to a few minutes until you declare time for confidence to step in so you can proceed to complete your practice.
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Anxiety stop-time.
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In an outline, what kinds of points support main points?
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subordinate.
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Supporting material illustrates main points by ______ the speaker's main ideas.
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verifying.
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In this form of communication, the receiver is physically removed from the messenger, and feedback is delayed.
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mass communication.
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______ is the acronym for the fear associated with a speaker's communication to an audience.
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PSA
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Which part of a speech alerts audience members to your specific speech purpose?
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Introduction.
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If a speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages do not correspond, which cues are usually the most honest?
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nonverbal.
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Construction noise, automobile traffic, slamming doors, and poor ventilation are examples of....
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external listening distractions.
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Speakers who engage in dialog communication..
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approach a speech as an opportunity to achieve understanding with audience members.
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______ involves evaluating evidence, analyzing assumptions and biases, and assessing the speaker's reasoning.
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Critical thinking.
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A speech is successful when the speaker and listener ______ the meaning of the speech.
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co-create.
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Daydreaming, fatigue, illness, and strong emotions are examples of..
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internal listening distractions.
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The study of moral conduct, or how people should act toward one another, is termed..
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ethics.
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Topic mapping is a ____________ technique.
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brainstorming.
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The ______ concisely identifies, in a single declarative sentence, what the speech is about.
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thesis statement.
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Which of the following techniques can a speaker use when listeners are negatively disposed toward his or her topic?
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give good reasons for developing a positive attitude toward the topic.
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Abandoning your convictions in order to appeal to the audience is known as..
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pandering.
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According to Richard D. Lewis, which culture's members are people-oriented, are extroverted, and tend to do many things at once?
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multi-active cultures.
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According to Geert Hofstede, which cultures structure life more rigidly and formally for their members?
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high-uncertainty avoidance cultures.
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The purpose of a(n) ______ speech is to increase the audience's understanding and awareness of a topic.
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informative.
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Socioeconomic status includes..
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income, occupation, and education.
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Special occasion speeches include all of the following except..
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class lectures.
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Which type of average provides the center-most score in a distribution?
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median
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Plot, characters, setting, and a time line are all essential to
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storytelling
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The portion of the Web that general search engines often fail to find is called the
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invisible web
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AND, OR, and NOT are examples of
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Boolean operators.
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When citing source material in a bibliography, the speaker should record several important elements, including
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the title and year of publication.
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GPO stands for
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Government Printing Office
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Effective examples for a speech may be all of the following except
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extraneous
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Effective interview questions
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don't lead the interviewee to a desired response.
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Some engines and directories accept fees from companies in exchange for higher ranking within search results. This is called
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paid placement
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Which of the following are the most widely used formats for documenting sources?
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APA, MLA, and Chicago
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If a medical doctor provides cutting-edge information on the threat of cholesterol, she is providing which type of supporting material?
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expert testimony
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A source qualifier
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is a brief description of the source's qualifications
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Which type of example offers a multifaceted illustration of an idea, item, or event?
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extended
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Meta-search engines
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scan a variety of individual search engines simultaneously
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Speakers need not credit sources for ideas that are
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common knowledge
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Three of the most commonly used systems of reference are
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APA, MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style
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The phrase "Pulitzer-Prize-winning author" is
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a source qualifier
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To describe or explain the physical arrangement of a place, a scene, or an object, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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spatial
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The final step in creating a working outline is to
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assign the speech a title.
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Identify what type of transition is demonstrated by the following sentence: Now that we've established a need for the blood-bank drive, let's look at how the blood drive will benefit our community.
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"restate-forecast"
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Conjunctions, phrases, or single words such as Next,... or First,... are called
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signposts
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To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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chronological
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Which of the following outlines uses partial construction of the sentence form of each point?
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phrase
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Research indicates that audiences prefer speeches that contain ______ main points
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two to seven
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To stress natural divisions in a topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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topical
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Which of the following expresses the goal of the speech?
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specific purpose statement
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The body of a speech consists of
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main points, supporting points, and transitions.
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Organizing the speech is also called ______ by classical rhetoricians.
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arrangement
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Ideas that are coordinate are given _____ weight
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equal
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To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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casual
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Which of the following outlines uses a few cue words associated with each speech point?
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keyword
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To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and to provide justification for a proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
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problem-solution
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Which of the following outlines is an in-process document a speaker uses to organize and firm up main points and decide which supporting materials will best substantiate them?
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working
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A full-sentence format is best suited for which of the following outlines?
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working
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If a speech consists of a story or series of short stories, which pattern of organization is the speaker using?
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narrative
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One way that a speaker can leave a lasting impression on listeners is to incorporate oral language that is artfully arranged and infused with rhythm. One device that helps a speaker accomplish this is
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repetition
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Speeches about ______ refer to a series of steps that lead to a finished product or end result.
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processes
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When the speaker reiterates each main point in the conclusion, audience members?
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mentally check off what they have heard during the speech
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"His character plays a rocking, rolling, roaring, raging role." This statement best illustrates which of the following techniques?
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alliteration
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Defining one term by comparing it to another term that has an equivalent meaning is called
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definition by synonym
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A concluding challenge by a speaker that asks an audience to act in response to the speech or change their beliefs or actions is termed a
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call to action
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An effective introduction should
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introduce the speech topic and purpose
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Generally, the introduction should be brief and occupy no more than ______ percent of the overall speech.
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10 to 15
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One function of a speech introduction is to
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arouse the audience's attention
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A speaker who uses vivid imagery
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encourages listener involvement
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Using a story as a speech introduction
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personalizes issues
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Speeches about ______ explore anything that is not human, but is animate or inanimate.
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objects or phenomena
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Which type of informative speech has the greatest potential to cross over into the persuasive realm?
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speeches about issues
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______ learners learn best by experiencing information directly, through real-life demonstrations, simulations, and hands-on experience
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Kinesthetic
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During the speech introduction, the audience decides whether they are interested in the topic and the speaker. To build credibility, a speaker should establish his or her
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qualifications
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Which technique can help a speaker prepare his or her speech to be heard rather than read?
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experimenting with sentence fragments
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