Public Speaking Final Exam – Flashcards
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When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is a. a way to manipulate people. b. a way to make a difference in something we care about. c. a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference. d. a way to demonstrate how clever we are. e. a way to make bad ideas seem good.
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B
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When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra __________ , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress. a. adrenaline b. serotonin c. potassium d. glauconite e. cortisone
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A
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches? a. Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright. b. Work especially hard on your conclusion. c. Avoid making eye contact with your audience. d. Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. e. Think of your speech as an act of communication.
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E
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Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly a. before they rise to speak. b. as soon as they begin to speak. c. when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech. d. after they reach the middle of the speech. e. none of the above.
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C
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As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when a. selecting the topic for your speech. b. researching your speech. c. organizing your speech. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
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D
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In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a. the frame of reference of the audience. b. a set of ethical guidelines or standards. c. the speaker's strategic objectives. d. a socially accepted code of legal rules. e. the personal opinions of the speaker.
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B
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According to your textbook, effective listening skills are important for a. speakers. b. audiences. c. students. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
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D
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Gerald is listening to comfort a friend whose apartment has just been burglarized. According to your textbook, Gerald is engaged in __________ listening. a. intimate b. empathic c. comprehensive d. appreciative e. sympathetic
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B
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According to your textbook, "Now that you know about Julio's interest in photography, let's look at his passion for snowboarding" is an example of a a. bridge. b. conclusion. c. conversion. d. transition. e. summary.
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D
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For his first speech, Peter is organizing his ideas around three holiday customs that were passed down by his Polish grandparents. According to your textbook, Peter's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order. a. familial b. topical c. chronological d. geographical e. personal
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B
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According to your textbook, the type of delivery in which you plan your speech in detail and learn it well without trying to memorize the exact wording is called a. conventional. b. extemporaneous. c. methodical d. extraneous. e. intuitive.
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B
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a method of brainstorming for a speech topic? a. clustering b. taking a personal inventory c. conducting an Internet search d. all of the above e. a and c only
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D
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When the general purpose of your speech is to __________ , you act primarily as an advocate. a. persuade b. entertain c. demonstrate d. commemorate e. inform
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A
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"To inform my audience about the three basic steps in preventive medicine" is an example of a a. main point. b. specific purpose. c. thesis statement. d. central idea. e. general purpose.
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B
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As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. display the speaker's skills as a speaker. b. use language to manipulate people. c. gain a desired response from listeners. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
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C
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The process by which a speaker seeks to create a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is referred to as ___________ by communication scholars. a. framing b. identification c. egocentrism d. structuring e. affiliation
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B
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The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe. b. listeners believe that their cultural group is superior to all other groups. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
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A
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The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups. b. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
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B
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What are the two types of audience analysis discussed in your textbook? a. demographic and situational b. personal and impersonal c. occupational and educational d. psychological and sociological e. descriptive and analytical
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A
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A listener's ethical obligation to avoid prejudging a speaker means that a listener should a. agree with everything the speaker says. b. strive to understand the speaker before criticizing his or her ideas. c. focus on the speaker's delivery when responding to the speech. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
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B
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Communication skills, including public speaking, are often ranked first among the qualities employers seek in college graduates.
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True
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Public speaking requires the same method of delivery as ordinary conversation.
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False
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Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation.
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True
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Most successful speakers are nervous before taking the floor.
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True
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Some nervousness before you speak is usually beneficial.
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True
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People spend more time listening than in any other communicative activity.
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True
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Appreciative listening is closely tied to critical thinking.
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False
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Listening is a passive process, while critical thinking is an active process.
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False
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Listening to provide emotional support for someone is called empathic listening.
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True
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Each main point in the body of your first speech should cover a single aspect of the topic.
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True
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The topical method of speech organization follows a time pattern.
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False
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The chronological method of speech organization follows a time pattern.
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True
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Extemporaneous delivery means delivering a speech "off the cuff," with no advance preparation.
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False
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It is usually a poor idea to choose a speech topic that requires research.
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False
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You should usually avoid choosing speech topics that you feel strongly about.
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False
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Most often, your general purpose as a speaker is to inform or to persuade.
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True
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When your general purpose is to persuade, you act as a teacher or lecturer.
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False
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The primary purpose of speechmaking is to demonstrate your command of the topic.
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False
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According to your textbook, public speakers need to be audience-centered.
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False
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Adapting to audiences is one of the easiest tasks facing beginning speakers.
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False
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The _______________ is the means by which a message is communicated.
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Channel
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The messages sent by listeners to a speaker are called _______________ .
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Feedback
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_______________ lets you know how your message is being received by your audience.
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Feedback
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To _______________ is to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.
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Paraphrase
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People spend more time _______________ than in any other communication activity.
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Listening
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When Elizabeth listened to provide support for her friend whose mother was seriously ill, she was engaged in _______________ listening.
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Empathic
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According to your textbook, listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it is known as _______________ listening.
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Critical
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According to your textbook, when you evaluate the evidence in a persuasive speech, you are engaged in _______________ listening.
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Critical
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The _______________ indicates precisely what the speaker intends to say in the speech.
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Central Idea
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As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more _______________ your presentation should be.
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Formal
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The __________ is the key to finding information in the library. a. general index b. catalogue c. periodicals guide d. encyclopedia e. browser
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B
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As part of the research for his informative speech, Malik needs brief life and career facts about United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. The best kind of library reference source for him to consult would be a(n) a. periodical index. b. special dictionary. c. encyclopedia. d. biographical aid. e. yearbook.
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D
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend for narrowing a Google search to make it more effective? a. Develop a strategy to search for specific terms you want to find. b. Put phrases in quotation marks and connect them with plus signs. c. Explore specialized Google resources such as news, books, and scholar. d. all of the above e. a and c only
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D
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Examples are especially helpful as supporting materials because they a. personalize your ideas. b. are not overly technical. c. quantify a speaker's ideas. d. are harder to manipulate than statistics or testimony. e. enhance the speaker's credibility.
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A
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As your textbook explains, examples help a speaker a. reinforce ideas. b. personalize ideas. c. clarify ideas. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
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A
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As your textbook explains, you should use examples in your speeches in order to a. quantify your ideas. b. personalize your ideas. c. clarify your ideas d. all of the above. e. b and c only.
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E
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Your textbook presents each of the following as a tip for using examples in a speech except a. use examples to personalize your ideas. b. practice delivery to enhance your extended examples. c. make your examples vivid and richly textured. d. combine examples with causal reasoning. e. use examples to clarify your ideas.
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D
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Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with __________ that show(s) the examples to be typical. a. analogies b. causal reasoning c. credibility statements d. emotional appeals e. statistics
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E
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According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general point. a. fable b. illustration c. simulated example d. hypothetical example e. anecdote
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D
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According to your textbook, an imaginary story that makes a general point is called a(n) a. mythical example. b. artificial example. c. spurious example. d. hypothetical example. e. synthetic example.
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D
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When the main points of a speech follow a time pattern, they are organized in a. problem-solution order. b. spatial order. c. topical order. d. causal order. e. chronological order.
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E
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Which of the following would you least likely find in a speech introduction? a. a preview statement b. an announcement of the topic c. a brief quotation d. a credibility statement e. an internal summary
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E
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Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always a. startle the audience. b. use a rhetorical question. c. relate the topic to the audience. d. tell an interesting story. e. present striking statistics.
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C
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According to your textbook, __________ is the audience's perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind. a. goodwill b. receptiveness c. identification d. connectedness e. egocentrism
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A
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According to your textbook, which of the following should be included in a preparation outline? a. a bibliography b. a specific purpose statement c. directions for delivering the speech d. all of the above e. a and b only
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A
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According to your textbook, when making a preparation outline, you should a. label transitions and internal summaries. b. indicate the introduction, body, and conclusion with Roman numerals. c. state the specific purpose as a separate unit before the outline itself. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
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E
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According to your textbook, the specific purpose statement in a preparation outline should be written a. in capital letters. b. at the end of the introduction. c. immediately before the first main point. d. after the preview statement. e. before the text of the outline itself.
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E
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Which of the following words is the most general and abstract? a. writing b. novel c. Moby Dick d. book e. publication
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A
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According to your textbook, __________ words refer to ideas or concepts rather than to tangible objects. a. vivid b. concrete c. denotative d. abstract e. technical
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D
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Which of the following words is the most general and abstract? a. roll b. croissant c. baked good d. bread e. food
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E
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Using your own knowledge and experience in a speech can help bring the speech to life.
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True
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Newspaper and periodical databases help you locate magazine, journal, and newspaper articles.
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True
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Newspaper and periodical databases are good places to find articles in scholarly journals.
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False
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One advantage of using virtual libraries for speech research is that they contain only material that has been screened for quality and reliability.
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True
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Although examples work very well to clarify ideas in an informative speech, they are less effective in a persuasive speech.
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False
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Hypothetical examples can be especially powerful as supporting materials when they create scenarios that involve the audience.
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True
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Examples are an excellent way to personalize a speech because they put abstract facts and figures into vivid, human terms.
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True
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Research suggests that using a clear, specific method of speech organization can enhance your ability to deliver a speech fluently.
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True
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According to your textbook, most speeches should contain from five to eight main points.
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False
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Chronological organization is used primarily for informative speeches.
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True
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The first thing you should do in the introduction of a speech is to reveal the topic.
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False
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A story is an effective way to get the interest and attention of the audience, regardless of how well the story is delivered.
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False
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Credibility is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
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True
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The preparation outline should be drawn up before a speaker begins research for a speech.
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False
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In a preparation outline, the specific purpose and central idea are identified by Roman numerals.
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False
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In the most common system of outlining, main points are identified by capital letters.
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False
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A preparation outline should include your bibliography
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True
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The connotative meaning of a word is more variable, figurative, and subjective than its denotative meaning.
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True
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The more abstract a word, the more ambiguous it will be.
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True
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As your textbook explains, if you want to sound eloquent, you should use words that are unfamiliar to the audience.
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False
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A(n) _______________ is a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.
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Abstract
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When doing research, you should prepare a _______________ that includes all the books or articles you find that look as if they might be useful in your speech.
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Preliminary Biography
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The _______________ is the middle figure in a group once the numbers are put in order from highest to lowest.
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Median
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If you quoted your brother who plays football in high school about steroid use among high school athletes, you would be using _______________ testimony.
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Peer
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Speeches arranged in _______________ order follow a directional pattern from top to bottom, east to west, or some other route.
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Spatial
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"The final point I'd like to present . . . " is an example of a(n) _______________ .
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Signpost
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A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body is called a _______________ statement.
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Preview
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A detailed outline for the planning stage of a speech is called a _______________ outline.
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Preparation
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A(n) _______________ is a figurative comparison that always contains the word "like" or "as."
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Simile
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The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words is a language device called _______________ .
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Parallelism
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Good speech delivery a. is accompanied by frequent gestures. b. requires that the speaker have a strong voice. c. sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed. d. draws the attention of the audience away from the message. e. is best achieved by reading from a manuscript.
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C
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When speaking from a manuscript, you should a. practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural. b. be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance. c. work on establishing eye contact with the audience. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.
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D
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A speech that is fully prepared in advance but that is delivered from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline is called a(n) __________ speech. a. extemporaneous b. declamatory c. impromptu d. manuscript e. vocalized
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A
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Visual aids can be very useful to a speaker because they a. often take the place of statistics. b. enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas. c. can be passed among members of the audience. d. do not require a great deal of explanation. e. all of the above.
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B
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If you were discussing statistical trends in a speech, what kind of visual aid would probably work best to clarify the trends for listeners? a. a chart b. a map c. a diagram d. a graph e. a model
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D
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A __________ graph is best suited for illustrating simple distribution patterns. a. pie b. line c. parallel d. ratio e. bar
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A
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Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? a. a business manager reporting on next year's budget b. a pastor urging parishioners to give to a building fund c. a teacher lecturing about methods of speech organization d. all of the above e. a and c only
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E
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According to your textbook, the questions listeners ask when judging an informative speech include a. Is the information communicated clearly? b. Is the information communicated accurately? c. Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience? d. all of the above e. a and b only
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D
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As explained in your textbook, "To inform my audience about the steps in creating a rooftop garden" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) a. concept. b. process. c. function. d. condition. e. object.
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B
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Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? a. a United States President praising World War II veterans b. a history professor lecturing on the rise of industrialism c. a judge explaining the rules of evidence during a criminal trail d. a developer urging the city council to build a new convention center e. a geneticist reporting her research to a professional meeting
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D
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As your textbook explains, if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, you need to a. organize the speech in Monroe's motivated sequence. b. urge the audience to take immediate action. c. circulate an audience-analysis questionnaire. d. answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism. e. focus your speech on questions of practicality.
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D
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What contemporary researchers term credibility, Aristotle termed a. ethics. b. logos. c. ethos. d. pathos. e. credos.
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C
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According to your textbook, the credibility of a speaker produced by everything the speaker says or does during the speech itself is called a. contrived credibility. b. derived credibility. c. demonstrated credibility. d. generated credibility. e. terminal credibility.
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B
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According to your textbook, research has shown that a. speakers with low initial credibility do not need to use as much evidence as speakers with high initial credibility. b. the credibility of a speaker is determined above all by how the audience perceives the speaker's intelligence and prestige. c. speakers can enhance their credibility by delivering their speeches fluently and expressively. d. personal appearance is the most important factor in determining a speaker's derived credibility. e. a speaker can begin with low terminal credibility and develop high initial credibility as the speech proceeds.
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C
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One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to a. explain why the person being introduced is receiving her or his award. b. inspire the audience with a sense of the significance of the occasion. c. create a welcoming climate to build enthusiasm for the main speaker. d. explain why listeners should pay tribute to a person, idea, or institution. e. enhance the credibility of the speaker who is making the introduction.
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C
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Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a guideline for a speech of introduction? a. Prepare your speech so it will last between 15 and 20 minutes. b. Use a quotation at the beginning to secure the attention of the audience. c. Make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate. d. Generate humor with an embarrassing story about the main speaker. e. Assume that the audience knows nothing about the main speaker.
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C
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One method recommended in your textbook for creating a sense of drama and anticipation in a speech of introduction is to a. present a brief biography of the main speaker. b. save the name of the main speaker until the final moment. c. use visual aids that focus attention on the main speaker. d. praise the speaking skills of the main speaker. e. make sure the introduction is completely accurate.
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B
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According to your textbook, the main purpose of a speech of presentation is to present a. the main speaker to the audience. b. thanks for a gift or an award. c. the reasons why a person deserves commendation. d. information about the importance of the occasion. e. a gift or an award to the recipient.
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E
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As explained in your textbook, which of the following is a defining trait of a small group? a. the group assembles for a specific purpose b. the group contains a minimum of three members c. the group has a designated leader d. all of the above e. a and b only
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E
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As the vice president for employee relations, Manuel is the only member of his company's executive team attending informal small group meetings where employees are considering proposals to revise the company's personal leave policies. Beginning at its very first meeting, the group looks to Manuel for leadership. What kind of leader is Manuel? a. task leader b. emergent leader c. authoritative leader d. maintenance leader e. implied leader
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E
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Good speech delivery should call attention to itself.
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False
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A manuscript speech is written out word for word and read to the audience.
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True
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Impromptu speaking gives more precise control over thought and language than does extemporaneous speaking.
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False
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Research shows that an average speaker who uses visual aids effectively will come across as more professional than a dynamic speaker who does not use visual aids.
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True
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If the object you want to speak about is too large, too small, or unavailable to use as a visual aid, you have little choice but to change the topic of your speech.
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False
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The best way to show drawings and photographs is to pass them around the room during your speech.
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False
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A lawyer urging a jury to acquit her client is an example of informative speaking.
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False
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Informative speeches about events are usually arranged in spatial order.
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False
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"To inform my audience how to create their own blog" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a process.
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True
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Even though a persuasive speaker's goal is to influence the audience's beliefs or actions, she or he still has an ethical obligation to present evidence fairly and accurately.
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True
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As your textbook explains, when faced with an audience that strongly opposes your point of view, you can consider your persuasive speech a success if it leads even a few listeners to reexamine their views.
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True
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Audience analysis and adaptation are usually more demanding in persuasive speaking than in speaking to inform.
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True
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Credibility is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
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True
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Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.
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True
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The primary purpose of a special occasion speech is to convey information to an audience.
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False
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One major purpose of a speech of introduction is to build enthusiasm for the upcoming speaker.
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True
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If you are introducing the same speaker to an audience of college students for a morning presentation and to the city chamber of commerce for an afternoon presentation, you should use the same speech for each occasion.
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False
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There is a great deal of research to show that if members of a small group work well together, they can almost always resolve a problem better than a single person can.
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True
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To function effectively, a small group needs capable leadership.
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True
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The procedural needs of a small group revolve around interpersonal relations among the group's members.
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False
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Communication based on a person's voice and body, rather than on the use of words, is called _______________ communication.
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Nonverbal
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A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation is called a(n) _______________ speech.
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Impromptu
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Changes in a speaker's pitch, rate, and volume are referred to as _______________ .
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Vocal Variety
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"To inform my audience how to arrange flowers like a professional florist" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n) _______________ .
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Process
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There are many ways to organize informative speeches about events. If your goal is to recount the history of an event, you would most likely arrange the speech in _______________ order.
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Chronological
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"To persuade my audience that the use of torture is never ethically justifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
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Value
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As your textbook explains, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. Those issues are need, plan, and _______________ .
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Practicality
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_______________ was the name used by Aristotle for the emotional appeal of the speaker.
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Pathos
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A speech announcing the winner of an award and giving the award to the recipient is called a speech of _______________ .
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Presentation
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A speech that gives thanks for a gift or an award is called a(n) _______________ speech.
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Acceptance
