public speaking final Test Questions – Flashcards

Triangle of meaning, a model of how people share meaning through language

is the person communicating

is anything to which people assign meaning
includes words, diagrams, color. etc
have no meaning but are invested with meaning by the interpreters who use them

is the object or concept that a symbol evokes in the mind of the interpreter

intrapersonal
interpersonal
group
public
mass

speaker
message
listener
feedback
channel
environment
noise

the standards we use to determine right from wrong, or good from bad, in thought and behavior. It is what you do when no one is watching

all parties in the communication process have ethical responsibilities
speakers and listeners posses attitudes and standards that pervade their character and guide their actions before, during and after a speech

is the unattributed use of another persons ideas, words, or patterns of organization.
can be intentional and can be unintentional

take clear/consistent notes while researching
record complete source citations
indicate in your speech what is not your own
use your own words
when it doubt cite the source

know how you react to stress
know your strengths and weaknesses
know speech principles
know that it looks worse from inside
know your speech
believe in your topic
have a positive view
visualize success
have confidence
test your message
practice

realize you may be nervous
be prepared, organized, certain to rehearse out loud
do not change your routine
arrive early to get organized
use notecards
always use same notecards you practiced with
rehearse standing up
only write on one side of your notecard
few words per notecards

self-generated
occasion generated
research generated
audience generated

to inform
to entertain
to persuade

presents the speech’s central idea in one sentence

word title as a question
promise audience beneficial
use a word or phrase that is repeated throughout your speech

second step in a speech, after you pick your topic
when answered it indicated the ideas and information necessary to add in your speech

topical
chronological
spatial
causal
pro-con
mnemonic
problem solution
need-plan

2-5 main points
develop the 4s strategy

signpost-initially, first, second
state the idea, complete sentences
support the idea
summarize the idea

complementary- in addition, second
causal-because, lastly
contrasting- on the other hand
chronological- after, third

attention getter
state topic
establish importance of topic
establish credibility
preview main ideas

ask a question
use a quote
start with a statistic
audio clip
piece of action
a story
acknowledge/compliment audience
energize audience
amuse audience
promise your audience something beneficial

summarize key ideas
activate audience response
provide closure (clincher)

pause
step closer to audience
slow down the rate of speech
maintain direct eye contact

formal outline
working outline (draft)
speaking outline (notecards

specific concrete words
use simple words
use words correctly

use language inclusively
use active language
create vivid sensory images
create figurative images
create drama
create rhythm

metaphor
personification
simile

use a short sent
omission
inversion
suspension
short words

parallelism
antithesis
repetition
alliteration

impromptu
from memory
from manuscript
extemporaneously

2/3 of the page
4-6 lines per page
4-6 words per line
focus key points
create appealing layout
highlighting
readable fonts
use color and art, present aids

determine the info to be presented
select the type of aid
ensure easy viewing for audience
simply, view info addressed
professional in appearance
practice with your aid
safe transport of aid
carry backups
position it before you speak
test your presentational aid

reveal the presentational aid when ready
talk to audience not aid
refer to aid, no 2 planes of vision
keep in view until point is clear
conceal the aid after point is made
use handouts with caution
no notecards while showing aid
use caution with stage managers

to convince
to actuate
to inspire

ethos-speaker credibility
logos-logical appeal
pathos-emotional appeal to audience

initial credibility-image prior
derived credibility-as you speak
terminal credibility-after you speak

know your subject
document your ideas
cite your sources
include personal experience

establish good ground with your audience
demonstrate your objectivity in approaching the topic

counter arguments
limit your goals
argue incrementally

assess listeners knowledge of topic
assess hoe important the audience feels your topic is
motivate your listeners
relate your message to listeners values
find common ground

primacy theory
recency theory

make a claim
offer evidence
show how the evidence proves the claim

state position you are refuting
state your position
support your position
show how your position undermines the opposing argument

by example
by analogy
by cause
by deduction
by authority

hasty generalizations
false analogy
post hoc ergo propter hoc
slippery slope
red herring
appeal to tradition
false dilemma
false authority
bandwagon
ad hominem

expresses judgement
are debatable
require proof

of fact
of value
of policy